ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: INTERNATIONAL ISSUES 



Batisse, Michel, "Man and the Biosphere." Nature, v. 256, July 17, 1^75: 156-158. 

 UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program endeavors to develop an 

 integrated research approach to the management problems arising from the 

 interactions between human activities and natural systems. The MAB Pro- 

 gram comprises 14 project areas forming a kind of research matrix in which 

 the main ecological systems and physiographical units interact with major 

 activities, engineering works, or demographic changes. 

 Barros, James, and Douglas M. Johnston. The International Law of Pollution. 

 Riverside, New Jersey, The Free Press, a Division of Macmillan Pubhshing 

 Co., 1974. 385 p. 



"Intended as a basic research tool for students and professionals, this is . 

 the first book to cover the entire development of international law relating 

 to the prevention and control of pollution and related environmental prob- 

 lems. Using international agreements and judicial decisions as a basis, the 

 volume provides the e\idence of transnational actions taken to date and 

 suggests the scope of future developments in the interdependent world 

 community." 

 Baxter, William. "International Implications of an Effluent Tax System: Some 

 Preliminary Observations." Stanford, CaUfornia Center for Advanced Study in 

 the Behavioral Sciences, Spring 1973, Report No. POST-BAXT-W-02: 16 p. 

 also published in Stanford Journal of International Studies, v. 8, 1973: 1-15. 

 "To obtain an optimum level of pollution, a tax per unit. of effluent could 

 be imposed on polluting activities equal in amount to the harm caused per unit. 

 This would cause the level of harm from pollution to faU until it was not more 

 than that justifiable by the essentiality to the society of the product yielded 

 by the activity. ' thin a nation, the tax rate should be determined for each 

 region to enco'^rage industry to relocate in less polluted areas. The authori- 

 ties who administer the tax rates should have national responsibilities so that 

 local industry is not economically protected. On an international level, pollu- 

 tion control should be administered by two bodies, one with world-wide 

 representation and another made up of regional organizations. The first 

 would coordinate the activities of the regional organizations and have direct 

 control over effluents with world-wide dissemination characteristics; the 

 second would have control over regional pollutants. The regions should be as 

 narrowly defined as possible to avoid greater sacrifices by the poorer nations." 

 (Supported by NSF RANN award: GI-29730.) 

 Bleicher, Samuel A. "An Overview of International Environmental Regulation." 

 Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 2, winter 1972: 1-90. 



"This article proposes a classification of areas in which international 

 environmental regulation is inevitable: activities physically affecting other 

 states, activities aflfecting shared resources, and international regulation of 

 national environmental standards. The author discusses the current law 

 within these categories and urges that governments abandon their narrow, 

 piecemeal approaches to the problem in favor of consolidating these areas of 

 environmental regulation into an integrated framework." 

 Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Washington, D.C. Study of Balance of Trade 

 Impact on U.S. Producers in Three Industries of Higher Costs of Environmental 

 Protection. Report prepared for the U.S. Dept. of State, January 1974. 186 p. 

 Available from the State Dept. as FAR 19908-S. 

 Busterud, John A., "International Environmental Relations." Natural Resources 

 Lawyer, v. 7, Spring 1974: 325-335. 



Reviews U.S. involvement in international environmental affairs. 

 CaldweU, Lynton, K. In Defense of Earth: International Protection of the Bio- 

 sphere. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1972. 295 p. 



Historical overview of behavioral and institutional modifications needed 

 to cope with problems of international environmental qualitj'. 



(1985) 



