1510 



The 12 completed studies in the series, and the analysis that follows, 

 are intended to suggest answers to Berkner's two questions. However, 

 much has happened in the 27 years since the questions were posed. It 

 is unlikely that the participants in the Berkner report had in mind the 

 vast scope of the impacts that science and technology would impose 

 on the world of diplomacy. Space exploration, the use of satellites for 

 communications and remote sensing, the ballistic missile deterrent 

 impasse, the Green Revolution, the technological dedication to 

 petroleum that made the oil embargo effective, supertankers, nuclear 

 proliferation, and the technology transfer activities of multinational 

 corporations have emerged as important diplomatic concerns since the 

 publication of the Berkner report. Even the International Geo- 

 physical Year, in which Berkner was a leading participant, postdates 

 by some years his scheme to bring science and technology into the 

 Department of State. 



The purpose of part 3 of the extended study is to sift through the 

 12 chapters in which the 6 cases and 6 issues are analyzed, in order to 

 present a summarization of the entire project. However, unlike most 

 summaries, this publication contains new material ■ further thoughts 

 by the authors of the 12 individual studies, and by the present authors 

 (the project codirectors) , and assessment of the performance of the 

 governmental decisionmaking apparatus in relation to the outcomes of 

 these studies. The extended study ends with a comprehensive an- 

 notated bibliography prepared in January 1976 with a supplement 

 updating it to August 1977.* 



Scope of the Study 



The supporting studies of six cases and six issues summarized in 

 part 3 are as follows: 



CASES ISSUES 



1. The Baruch Plan for international- 1. International impact of technology 



ization of atomic energy. on diplomacy. 



2. The Eisenhower proposal for peaceful 2. The politics of global health. 



use of the atom. 



3. The International Geophysical Year. 3. Food and population. 



4. The Mekong regional development 4. Temporary placement of U.S. scien- 



proposal. tists abroad. 



5. Efforts to reach international agree- 5. The "brain drain" of technically 



ment on exploiting the resources of trained people, 



the seabed. 



G. The U.S.-U.S.S.R. trade treaty and 6. Bringing science and technology into 

 technology transfer. the Department of State. 



A decision was made at the outset of the project to exclude considera- 

 tion of all subject matter that involved security-classified information. 

 Accordingly, no military or intelligence topics were considered, and 

 arms control was dealt with only to a limited extent in two of the 

 papers which examined unclassified aspects of atomic energy cases. 

 Several studies were abandoned with regret: those tentatively pro- 

 jected on the use of the social sciences in the U.S. Information Agency, 

 the computer and information management, scientific research in the 

 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the Treaty on Outer Space. 



* Both were prepared by Genevieve Johanna Knezo, analyst in science and technology of 

 the Science Policy Research Division, Congressional Research Service. 



