1578 



tees have established jurisdiction over ocean matters.'^" The Senate 

 Commerce Committee also initiated the National Ocean Policy" Study 

 in 1974, aimed at focusing Federal attention on, and national recogni- 

 tion of, the issues of offshore resources. 



In evaluating the study and its effects, it can summarily be said 

 that the study was needed, was timely, and will remain a useful 

 reference for the period ending with the Conference on the Law of 

 the Sea. It has been useful to Congress in particular, and has had 

 wide use by many different people, governments, and organizations. 



POLICY PROPOSAL BY SECRETARY KISSINGER 



Secretaiy of State Henry Kissinger in a speech given on August 1 1, 

 1975, before the American Bar Association annual convention ad- 

 vanced the following set of proposals for seabed policy : 



— An international organization t-hould be created to set rules 

 for deep seabed mining. 



— This international organization must preserve the rights of 

 all countries and their citizens directly to exploit deep seabed 

 resources. 



— It should also insure fair adjudication of conflicting interests 

 and security of investment. 



— Countries and their enterprises mining deep seabed resources 

 should pay an agreed portion of their revenues to the interna- 

 tional organization, to be used for the benefit of developing 

 countries. 



— The management of the organization and its voting proce- 

 dures must reflect and balance the interests of the participating 

 states. The organization should not have the power to control 

 prices or production rates. 



— If these essent'al U.S. interests are guaranteed, we can agree 

 that this organization \\'ill also have the right to conduct mining 

 operations on behalf of the international community primarily 

 for the benefit of developing countries. 



— The new organization should serve as a vehicle for coopera- 

 tion between the technologically advanced and the developing 

 countries. The United States is prepared to explore ways of 

 sharing deep seabed technology vitli other nations. 



— A balanced conmiission of consumers, seabed producers, and 

 land-based producers could monitor the possible adverse effects 

 of deep seabed mining on the economies of those developing 

 countries which are substantially dependent on the export of 

 minerals also produced from the deep seabed.'"^ 



too During the 92d Congress the determination to protect U.S. investment in deep seabed mining opera- 

 tions crystallized into legislative iiroposals. Legislation revised as a result of hearings held in 1972 and i;i73 

 was introduced during the 93d Congress. S. 1134, as amended, and II. R. 12233— the Deep Seabed Hard 

 Minerals Act — would require U.S. nationals to obtain a license from the Secretary of the Interior before 

 engaging in the exploration and commercial recovery of manganese nodules on the deep seabed. S. 1134, as 

 amended, was favorably reported to the Senate on August 21, 1974 and referred to the Senate Committee 

 on Foreign Relations on September 4, 1974. 



During the 94th Congress the Deep Seabed Hard Minerals Act as reported out of the Senate Interior and 

 Insular Affairs Committee during the 93d Congress was reintroduced as II. R. 1270/3. 713. 



i"' Henry A. Kissinger, "International Law, World Order, and Human Progress," speech before the 

 American Bar Association Annual Convention, Montreal, Canada, August 11, 1975, pp. 4-0. These points 

 were reafUrmed or amplified by Secretary Kissinger on several subsecjuent occasions throughout 1976. 



