FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY WITH A SCIENTIFIC OR 

 TECHNOLOGICAL CONTENT: THE UNITED STATES 



Bacchus, William I. "Diplomacy for the 70's: an Afterview and AppraisaL" 

 American Political Science Review, v. 68, no. 2, June 1974: 736-748. 



The author was a staff member of the Commission on the Organization of 

 the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy. "Numerous attempts 

 have been made since World War II to reform U.S. government structure and 

 procedures for managing foreign affairs, but success has been distinctly 

 limited. In evaluating the procedures, proposals, accomplishments, and 

 failures .of the most recent State Department reform program, this review 

 suggests some reasons why rationalization of foreign afiairs organization has 

 been so difficult to achieve. Unless fundamental questions of the Department 

 of State's appropriate relationship to the rest of government are confronted 

 directly, it is impossible to deal effectively with international organizations, 

 operations, and staffing. Yet because of a restricted mandate. Diplomacy for 

 the 70s did not address itself to these priority questions. And for a number of 

 reasons, including a misplaced belief in the efficacy of management reforms as 

 contrasted with political initiatives, lack of aggressive senior level support^ 

 ineffective followup, and budgetary restrictions, it fared no better than 

 previous reform programs, even taken on its own limited terms. Unless such 

 basic problems are dealt with, future reform attempts are likely to be no more 

 successful." 

 Bacchus, William I. Foreign Policy and the Bureaucratic Process: the State Depart- 

 ment's Country Director System. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1974. 

 350 p. 



"The State Department in 1966 established a system of country directors, 



individuals responsible for all American activities with particular countries, 



single focal points in Washington to serve our Ambassadors. This study, a 



sensible blend of empirical data and theory, describes the gap between 



expectation and reality, based on interviews with 46 of the 49 country 



directors and nearly 100 others involved with them." (1) 



Berkner, Lloyd Viel. Science and Foreign Relations: International Flow of Scientific 



and Technological Information. Washington, International Science Policy 



Survey Group, 1950, VIII, 170 p. U.S. Department of State, Publication 



3860, General Foreign PoUcy Series, No. 30. 



"A report prepared by the Department of State and reviewed by a select 

 committee of the National Academy of Sciences. Covers such topics as 

 collection and dissemination of foreign scientific information; support of 

 international scientific organizations and conferences; educational exchange;, 

 technical assistance ; controls over international flows of scientific information 

 and persons ; and the role of science in formulation of foreign policy. Appendices- 

 document Department of State's international scientific activity." 



Among the recommendations made by the group were creation of a Science' 

 Office in the Department of State and establishment of a science attache 

 program .at American embassies. 

 Chinn, Herman I. "International Scientific Co-Operation." Bulletin of the Atomic 

 Scientists, November 1969 : 34-5, 47. 



"Everybody talks about international scientific co-operation, but what 

 are we reallv doing about it? Dr. Chinn, . . . Science Officer in Inter- 

 national Scientific and Technological Affairs of the U.S. Department of 

 State . . . takes a hard look at what is happening in thiit much-discussed 

 area, and makes viable suggestions for improvement." 



(1923) 



