1965 



"The Need for European Co-operation in Research." Organisation for Economic 

 Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, Science Policy Information 3, no. 

 22913, October 1967: 42-44. 



" 'At the Annual Meeting of the Max Planck Society in June 1967 Professor 

 Adolf Butenandt, in his presidential address, discussed international co- 

 operation in scientific research and technology and its implications for the 

 organisation of research in the Federal Republic' Topics included: the rising 

 costs of research and the political considerations and measures needed: the 

 relative strengths in R. & D. of the U.S. and the Common Market countries 

 and the bases for the favorable U.S. position; European scientific cooperation 

 as necessary to keep pace with the U.S.; loosening of present funding pro- 

 cedures from the current 1:1 ratio between the Federal and 'Lander' govern- 

 ments (otherwise scientific progress would be determined by the financially 

 weaker 'party')." (4) 

 "New Commerce Office to Study World Technology Trends." Science and Govern' 

 ment, June 15, 1973: 7. 



Describes creation of a new office of Technology Assessment and Forecast, 

 among whose functions would be to gather and assess data regarding inter- 

 national technology transfer. 

 Nichols, George C, et al. Tschnology Enhancement Programs in 'Five Foreign 

 Countries. Report prepared by the C)fiice of the Assistant Secretary for Science 

 and Technology, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 

 Oflf., 1972. 334 p. Available from NTIS, Report No. COM 72-11412. 



"Competition among nations to penetrate foreign markets for their 

 industrial prodiicts has led the governments of most of the advanced countries 

 of the world to use a variety of technology enhancement mechanisms and 

 programs. The purpose of these programs is to stimulate invention and inno- 

 vation and the development, transfer, and application of new technologies 

 through the use of subsidies, tax, and other incentives, government procure- 

 ment, joint ventures, R and D investment in designated industrial sectors, low 

 and no-interest loans, and other mechanisms in collaboration with the private 

 sector. This report examines the major technology enhancement programs 

 initiated in recent years by Canada, France, Germany (Federal Republic), 

 Japan, and the United Kingdom. The experience of these countries with such 

 programs is of interest to the United States at this time particularly in rela- 

 tion to the newly-initiated Experimental Incentives Program that is being 

 implemented by the National Bureau of Standards . . . and the National 

 Science Foundation. In addition to the technology enhancement programs, 

 the report contains a discussion of the involvement in each country within 

 which science and technology is developed and implemented and the govern- 

 ment-private sector interaction. A bibUography is included at the end of 

 each country's section." 

 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Reviews of National 

 Science policy. Series [of separate books.] Paris, Organisation for Economic 

 Co-operation and Development. 



These comprehensive book length studies treat: Japan, 1967, 248 p.; 

 Italy, 1969, 212 p.; United States, 1969, 550 p.; Canada, 1969, 456 p.; Norway, 

 1971, 196 p.; Austria, 1971, 196 p.; Spain, 1971, 126 p.; Switzerland, 1972, 

 256 p.; France, 1966, 133 p.; Iceland, 1972, 159 p.; Netherlands, 1973, 375 

 p.; and Ireland, 1975, 132 p. 

 Ozawa, Terutomo. Japan's Technological Challenge to the West, 1950-1974: Motiva- 

 tion and Accamplishment. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1974. 162 p. 



"In this thoroughly documented analysis, the author fijids the key to 



Japanese economic dynamism in two factors: the appUcability of the 



Schumpeterian model of development, where innovation stimulates growth, 



and the intensity of the national need to catch and surpass the West." (1) 



Pavitt, Keith. "Technology in Europe's Future." Research Policy, v. 1, 1971/1972: 



210-273. 



"European fears in the 1960s of U.S. technological domination have proved 

 to be unfounded. The continuing U.S. lead in aerospace and defense technology 

 has not spread to other sectors. European companies and governments have 

 steadily upgraded their capabilities in civilian science and technology. 

 However hopes that the 'imperatives of modern technology' would stimulate 

 closer European integration have been disappointed." There are imperfections 



