Finlayson. — Stem-structure of Leafless Plants. 371 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES XLV.-XLVII. 



Fig. 1. 



(a.) One of younger shoots of Discaria toumatou, with leaves below 

 thorns. 



(b.), (c.) Leaves of same. 

 All three life size. 



Fig. 2. 



(a.) Transverse section of leaf of Discaria toumatou ; enlarged. 

 ep. Epidermis. I xy. Xylem. 



p. t. Palisade tissue. I ph. Phloem. 



(b.) Surface section of under epidermis of leaf showing stomata ; 

 enlarged. 



(c.) Opening of a stoma with two guard-cells ; enlarged. 



Fig. 3. 

 (a.) Transverse section of half of stem of D. toumatou ; enlarged. 

 st. Stoma. 



cut. Cuticle. 



e. Epidermis. 

 i. e. Inner epidermis. 

 b. f. Bast fibres 

 s. t. Sieve-tube 



p. t. Palisade chlorenchyma. 

 g. p. Ground parenchyma. 

 cm. Cambium. 

 w. c. Libriform cells! , 

 p. v. Pitted vessel J ' 



p. par. Phloem paren- [" ^ " in. r. Medullary ray. 



chyma 



In centre pith with st. gr. (starch-grains). 



(b.) Surface section of stem of D. toumatou with stomata ; enlarged, 

 (c.) Longitudinal section (half of stem) of D. toumatou,; enlarged. 

 Same lettering as in (a). Medullary rays may be seen in xylem. 



Fig. 4. 



Part of stem of Clematis afoliata, with petioles of leaves (p.) and 

 new shoots arising in their axils ; life size. 



Fig. 5. 



(a.) Surface section of stem of C. afoliata, showing epidermis with 

 alternating strips, one devoid of and one bearing stomata. 



(b.) Transverse section of part (quarter) of stem of C. afoliata. 

 st. Stoma. xy. Xylem. 



cut. Cuticle. m. st. Mechanical stereom. 



e. Epidermis. chl. Chlorenchyma. 



i. e. Inner epidermis. par. Parenchyma. 



ph. Phloem. m. r. Medullary-ray pith. 



cm. Cambium. 



(c.) Longitudinal radial section through chlorenchyma pith. Does 

 not pass through the vascular bundle. 



(d.) Longitudinal radial section through stereom vascular bundle and 

 pith. Same lettering as (6) ; also, — 



b. f. Bast fibres | p jjj oem 

 s. t. Sieve-tube } " 



p. v. Pitted vessel 

 iv. c. Woody cells 

 sp. v. Spiral vessel 

 a. v. Annular vessel 



•xylem. 



Fig. 6. 

 (a.) Young shoot of Carmichaelia flagelliformis, with inflorescences 

 (inf.). 



(b.) Leaf of C. flagelliformis. 

 Both life size. 



