464 



Transactions. — Chemistry and Physics. 



Table IV. 



Acid, 



F.P. Depression. 



of Saturated 



Solution. 



•15° 



•22 



3 



1 



1. Malonic 



2. Succinic 



3. Adipic ... ... ... 1- 



4. Sebacic ... ... ... 2- 



5. Methylsuccinic ... ... > 3 



6. Ethylmalonic ... ... ... > 3 



7. Mesaconic ... ... ... -27 



8. Citraconic ... ... ... >■ 5 



9. Fumaric ... ... ... -09 



10. Maleic ... ... .... 2-3 



11. Bromsuccinic ... ... ... -45 



12. Dioxysuccinic (tartaric)... ... -10 



13. Tetraoxyadipic (mucic) ... ... -25 



14. Amidoacetic ... ... ... -08 



15. Phenvlamidoacetic ... ... 1-4 



16. Benzoylamidoacetic ... ... 2-05 



17. Amidophenylacetic ... ... -15 



18. Phenylamidophenylacetic ... 1*7 



19. Amidosuccinic... ... ... -29 



20. Tricarballylic ... ... ... -20 



21. Isopropyltricarballylic ... ... -38 



Acids 1-4 are homologous dibasic acids : it is seen that 

 the solubility rises with the molecular weight. Mesaconic 

 and fumaric acids are trans acids ; they are much less soluble 

 than their isomers, citraconic and maleic acids. It is interest- 

 ing to note that with these acids the compounds that most 

 readily form anhydrides are the most soluble. This was also 

 observed in the case of succinic and methylsuccinic acids. 

 The addition of a methyl group increases both the solubility 

 and the ease of anhydride formation. 



Tartaric and mucic acids (12 and 13) are considerably less 

 soluble than the acids from which they are derived (2 and 3). 



In the dibasic acids the introduction of an alkyl group 

 causes an enormous increase in the solubility. In the case of 

 the tribasic isopropyltricarballylic acid the increase is only 

 comparatively slight (20 and 21). 



Among other insoluble di- or tri-basic acids may be men- 

 tioned oxalic, meconic, camphoric, and aconitic acids. 



Summary and Conclusion. 



(1.) In freezing phenol the fatty acids and their derivatives 

 associate more or less rapidly with rising concentration. 



(2.) The rates of association of the normal fatty acids 

 alternately increase and decrease for each member. If the 



