REGULATION IN BEHAVIOR 349 



other features of the process in a way that is not called for in the pres- 

 ent work. 



Some suggestions as to the possibility of regulation along the line of 

 the selection of overproduced activities are found in J. Mark Baldwin's 

 valuable collection of essays entitled "Evolution and Development." 



It may be noted that regulation in the manner we have set forth is 

 what in behavior is commonly called intelligence. If the same method 

 of regulation is found in other fields, then there is no reason for refusing 

 to compare the action there to intelligence. Comparison of the regu- 

 latory processes that are shown in internal physiological changes and in 

 regeneration, to intelligence seems to be looked upon sometimes as un- 

 scientific and heretical. Yet intelligence is a name applied to processes 

 that actually exist in the regulation of movement, and there is no a priori 

 reason why similar processes should not occur in regulation in other 

 fields. Movement is after all only the general result of the more recon- 

 dite chemical and physical changes occurring in organisms, and there- 

 fore cannot follow laws differing in essential character from the latter. 

 We are dealing in other fields with the same substance that is capable 

 of performing the processes seen in intelligent action, and these could 

 not occur as they do if the underlying physical and chemical pro- 

 cesses did not obey the same laws. In a purely objective consideration 

 there seems no reason to suppose that regulation in behavior (intelli- 

 gence) is of a fundamentally different character from regulation else- 

 where. 



4. Summary 



We may sum up the fundamental features in the method of individ- 

 ual regulation above set forth as follows : — 



The organism is a complex of many processes, of chemical change, of 

 growth, and of movement ; these are proceeding with a certain energy. 

 These processes depend for their unimpeded course on their relations 

 to each other and on the relations to the environment which the pro- 

 cesses themselves bring about. When any of these processes are blocked 

 or disturbed, through a change in the relations to each other or the 

 environment, the energy overflows in other directions, producing varied 

 changes, — in movement, and apparently also in chemical and growth 

 processes. These changes of course vary the relations of the processes 

 to each other and to the environment; some of the conditions thus 

 reached relieve the interference which was the cause of the change. 

 Thereupon the changes cease, since there is no further cause for them; 

 the relieving condition is therefore maintained. After repetition of this 

 course of events, the process which leads to relief is reached more 



