40 BEHAVIOR OF THE LOWER ORGANISMS 



(food or oxygen, for example) the organisms do not show movement in 

 a single direction, adapted to reaching these favorable conditions. On 

 the contrary, they show movements in all sorts of directions; one of 

 these is finally continued or selected by its success. We find again be- 

 havior based on the "selection from among the conditions produced by 

 varied movements." 



LITERATURE II 



(On the behavior of Bacteria) 



Engelmann, 1881, 1882 a, 1888. 1894; Jennings and Crosby, 1901 ; Massart, 

 1889, 1891, 1891a; Mast, 1903; Miyoshi, 1897; Pfeffer, 1884, 1888; Rothert, 

 1901, 1903. 



