Cockayne. — Botanical Excursion to Southern Islands. 267 



aud the segments, crowded together and with their edges more 

 or less recurved, reiiuce the leaf-surface into a very small com- 

 pass indeed compared with the normal form, which has its 

 pinnae expanded horizontally. Plants of this form cultivated 

 m the moist chamber of the Canterbury College Biological 

 School have their new fronds not in the least degree curled 

 up and of a bright-green, contrasting strongly with the almost 

 black curled fronds. Such young fronds are at first erect, 

 with their pinnae plagiotropous, but finally the stipes bend 

 so as to bring the whole surface of the frond into a horizontal 

 position/'' There are other plants belonging both to the wet 

 and dry parrs of the subalpine meadow, but my notes only 

 mention the above, for they were taken most hastily. Amongst 

 some of the important plants omitted are Drosera stenopetala, 

 Astelia linearis (the type), Juncus scheuzerioides, Gaimardia 

 ciliata, Oreobolus jmmilio, Lycopodiian fastigiatum, L. variiim 

 polaris, and Schizcea aiistralis. 



8. Siihaipine Scrub. 

 The difference in species between the formation of the 

 open meadow and that of the more sheltered gullies and 

 depressions is very instructive, for in the latter position occur 

 those constituents of the forest which have a less marked 

 xerophytic structure than those which can exist as plants of 

 the meadow, and which in the latter situations certainly be- 

 come more stunted, but otherwise are of perfect vigour. Thus, 

 in the gullies are found some of the arborescent forest-plants, 

 small trees no longer, but now dense shrubs, forming, so far as 

 form goes, a typical " subalpine scrub," such as might occur 

 above the forest-line of a New Zealand mountain. Metro- 

 sideros lucida and Panax simplex are both present, but now 

 no taller than the accompanying Suttonia divaricata. Here, 

 too, is the prostrate Gop)rosma cuneata, and most likely Cop. 

 ciliata and Cop. parviflora. Scrub such as this is even more 

 difficult to penetrate than is the western subalpine scrub of 

 a South Island mountain, and in consequence, as it was late 

 in the afternoon when I reached the subalpine meadow, and 

 as these gullies full of scrub had constantly to be ci'ossed, I 

 had no time to see the vegetation of a mountain-summit in 

 the Auckland Islands, the place p)ar excellence where any 

 novelties might be expected to occur. 



II. Campbell Island. 



GENEEAL REMARKS. 



Campbell Island lies in latitude 52° 33' S. and longitude 

 169° 09' E., and is distant 145 miles south-east of Auckland 



* By March, 1904, the new fronds of the early leaved form were 

 identical with tho-fe of the type. 



