294 Transactions. — Botany. 



toothed — this might be called a winged petiole — and has the 

 margins almost parallel ; in the leaf in question it measured 

 6cm. X l'9cm. The leaves vary much in size according to 

 the size of the plant, as also somewhat in shape. The upper 

 surface of the leaf is green and almost glabrous in adult-leaves, 

 but the under-surface is more or less tomentose with loose 

 cobwebby hairs, the tomentum being much more abundant m 

 young than in old leaves. The margins are recurved, and 

 on the under-surface of the leaf is a prominent midrib, which 

 gradually broadens towards the l:)ase, and which may attain 

 to a thickness of 5-5 mm. The tomentum plays an important 

 part in protecting the bud during winter. The leaves round 

 the growing point are tightly pressed together, and remain 

 quite vertical until of a considerable size — 6'8cm. x 4-6 cm. 

 in one case measured. These young leaves are tomentose on 

 the upper surface of the broad midrib, and especially towards 

 their base, which tomentum, becoming entangled with that of 

 the under-surface of the contiguous leaf, binds all the leaves 

 round the growing point into a firm weather-resisting mass 

 not easily penetrated by moisture. 



3. Scrub. 



On the sheltered sides of the hills the scrub becomes 

 somewhat higher and more abundant than that mixed with 

 the herbaceous plants of the tussock slopes. Such scrub 

 occurs, so far as I could see, in every sheltered guliy on all 

 the hills of the island, and not merely, as stated by Kirk, 

 on Mount Galloway (56, p. 228). Seen from the summit of 

 the ridge on the east side of the island, the scrub is of a 

 dark-green colour, and descends in long broad lines down the 

 hillside. Only a few minutes were available for examination 

 of this formation, but where I entered it, it consisted of 

 Co'prosma plants, l-om. tall, growing very closely together 

 and possessing long thin trunks about 3 cm. m diameter at 

 most, so far as I can recollect, and dividing into two or three 

 vertical branches, which give off numerous dense twigs, these 

 forn)ing a flat leafy crown about 16 cm. or less in breadth and 

 perhaps 8 cm. in depth. Certain lichens and mosses grow on 

 the stems, which are otherwise bare, and where the shrubs 

 are not close together there is some Epilobium linnceoides 

 and Lagcnojihora forsteri on the ground. This is a most in- 

 complete account of this interesting formation, the only 

 representative on Antipodes Island of the forests of the Auck- 

 land Group or the extensive scrub of Campbell Island. 



4. Bog. 



Towards the centre of the flat meadow occur many almost 

 circular patches where the soil is much wetter than that of 



