422 Transactions. — Geology. 



caveous character, which form low rocky ledges on the grassy 

 slopes on the north side of the hill. 



The whole series is of marine origin, and contains five dis- 

 tinct fossiliferous zones, which enable the beds to be divided 

 into two well-niai'ked groups. The lower group, correspond- 

 ing to the Oamaru stone, comprises a thickness of some 220 ft. 

 It contains four fossiliferous zones, at the following elevations: 

 At a height of 165 ft., Waldheimia; 230 ft., Meovia craiofordi. 

 Pecten hochstetteri ; 270ft., Waldheimia ; 295 fi., Waldheimia. 



In the lower zone Waldheimias (Magellania, Bayle) are 

 scattered sparingly through a thickness of some 10 ft., in 

 the third zone through -Ift., and in the upper through 2ft. 

 Fossils are generally more abundant in the upper than in the 

 lower zones. 



The upper group of beds contains a number of forms which 

 are common in the upper part of the Hutchison Quarry or 

 Mount Brown beds of the Oamaru sei'ies. Among the mol- 

 lusca collected were recognised Cardita, Venus, Limujjsis, 

 Nncula, Struthiolaria ; and, among the corals, Flabelluni ra- 

 dians. Besides these, there were found the casts of many 

 minute univalves and bivalves too indistinct to be identified. 



Waikouaiti Leaf-bed Series. 



This series consists of a succession of silts, sands, and 

 gravels about 45 ft. thick resting unconformably on a slightly 

 denuded surface of the marine sandstones. The sediments 

 of this series, from their fiuviatile or lacustrine origin, are 

 subject to great variation in thickness, and this is especially 

 noticeable in the case of the gravel and sand beds, which 

 present the arrangement of current-bedding characteristic of 

 deposits of this kind. On the west side of the cliff, under 

 the trig, station, they consist of the following members in 

 descending order : — 



Ft. 



1. Sands and silts, with ferruginous concretions 7 



2. Gravels ... ... ... ... 2-6 



3. Griiiy sands ... ... ... ... 8 



4. Coarse gravels ... ... ... ... 7 



The leaf-bed series, at the seaward end of the escarpment, 

 consists of the following sequence, which naturally shows a 

 close correspondence with that below the trig, station : — 



Ft. 



1. Sands and grits ... ... ... 12 



2. Grit-bed ... .. ... ... 3 



3. Grey silts and sands ... ... ... 8 



4. Coarse gravels... ... ... ... 18 



6. Leaf bed — fine grey silts ... ... 6 



