20 Transactions. — Miscellaneous. 



Maori people, like so many other races, could never form 

 themselves into a nation, but were ever split up into many 

 tribes, who waged war against each other for long centuries. 



The Maori were endogamous in regard to the tribe and the 

 sub-tribe or clan {hapu), and also to some extent in regard 

 to the 's,\xh-hapu — i.e., the gens, or family gi'oup. Not that 

 marriages did not take place as between members of one hapu 

 .and those of another, or even between those of one tribe and 

 .another. Such marriages did occur, the latter, however, much 

 more rarely than the former. Still, it was considered desir- 

 .able to marry within the hapii, or clan, for social and political 

 reasons. Marriages between members of one tribe and those 

 -of another were generally of a political nature, as to cement 

 a peace-making. We are speaking of pre-European days now, 

 for latterly extra-tribal marriages have become more frequent. 



As to marriages between members of the same '&uh-hapu 

 {gens, family group), it would depend entirely on how many 

 generations that group was composed of — i.e., in regard to the 

 number of generations of descent of the members thereof from 

 a common ancestor. The custom among tlie Tuhoe Tribe is 

 simply this : the members of the third generation of two 

 divergent lines from a common ancestor may intermarry. 

 Observe : — 



Te Rangi-ka-whetui 



Tawa (m.) Te Pou-whenua (m.) 



I ___ : I . 



Tanira (m.) Te Akiu (f.) Toka mauku 



I I , '- , 



Hapine (f.) = Rangitere-mauri (m.). Te Waihuka (f.). Te .-\mo (m.) 



I 

 Whare-pouri (m.) 



I 

 Kuini (f.). 



Here we have Tawa and Te Pou-whenua, both sons of 

 Rangi-ka-whetui. Tawa had Tanira, who had Hapine. Te 

 Pou-whenua had Te Akiu and Toka-mauku. Te Akiu had 

 Rangi-tere-niauri. Toka-mauku had Te Waihuka and Te 

 Amo. The latter had Whare-pouri, who had Kuini. Now, 

 •when Hapine and Rangi wished to marry an objection was 

 raised by some members of the tribe on the ground tliat the 

 •connection was too close and that the marriage would be an 

 incestuous one. This objection was overruled — in the first 

 place because it was shown that Hapine and Bangi were of 

 the third generation from a common ancestor — viz., Rangi-ka- 

 whetui ; and, secondly, because the marriage was arranged in 

 due form {Jie inea ata lohahamoc) by tlio parents of both and 

 by the tribe. Hence no further opposition was made, and the 



