Cockayne. — Botanical Excursion- to Southern Islands. 309 



lands, 3 ; Macquarie Island, 3 ; Snares Islands, 2. Eegard- 

 ing the 29 species found on more than one island, 1 {Golo- 

 banthus muscoides) is found on all the islands ; 2 (Lzizula 

 crinita and Stilbocarpa polaris) occur on Auckland, Campbell, 

 Antipodes, and Macquarie ; 2 on Auckland, Campbell, and 

 Macquarie {Pleuroijhyllum hookeri and Stellaria decipiens) ; 

 1 on Auckland and Antipodes {Pratia arenaria — also very 

 common m Chatham Island) (23, p. 305) ; 1 on Snares and 

 Auckland {Olearia lyallii) ; 1 on Auckland and Chatham (Poa 

 chathamica''') ; 6 on Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes 

 {Accetia sanguisorbcs antarctica, Ejiiiobiuin confer tifoliicm, 

 Ligusticum antijjodum, Pleurophyllnm crinifenim, Coprosjna 

 ciiiata, Poa sp. — the common tussock-grass forming large 

 "trunks"); and 15 on Auckland and Campbell Islands. 

 This distribution of the endemic species shows Auckland 

 and Campbell Islands to be the headquarters of the flora, 

 which, on account of the size of the former and of the num- 

 ber of plant- stations provided by the configuration of the 

 latter, might be expected. 



The endemic species are in many cases very closely related 

 to New Zealand ones ; indeed, regarding some of them it is a 

 question whether they are not either identical with or at best 

 forms of existing New Zealand species, as, e.g., Epilobnim 

 confertifnlium, Pratia arenaria, Azorella reniformis, Coprosma 

 ciliata, Plantago sp. (the P. brotonii(?) of th' Aucklands), 

 Ranunculus subscaijosus, Aralia lyallii robusta, Acana 

 sanguisorbcB antarctica, Astelia linearis subulata, Gardavnne 

 depressa stellata, &c. But, notwithstanding this, the endemic 

 element is very clearly defined through the presence of two 

 endemic genera — Pleitrophyllum and Stilbocarpa — and such 

 species as Ligusticum latifolium, Lig. antipodum, Celmisia ver- 

 nicosa. Gel. chapynanni, Senecio antipoda, Veronica benthami, 

 ColobantJms muscoides, Gotula lanata, and Bidbmella rossii. 



If we turn now to the 58 New Zealand species, 51 are 

 endemic and the remaining 7 Australian. A summary of 

 the stations in which they and the New Zealand - Fuegian 

 species are found in New Zealand proper is not without 

 interest. For this purpose I have roughly classed these 

 stations under three heads — coastal, forest, alpine and sub- 

 alpine. Under the term " forest " is included not only the 

 plants of the forest proper, but those which are found in 



* It is doubtful whether this grass occurs in Auckland or Antipodes. 

 Moreover, Petrie, who recorded its occurrence in the Southern Islands, 

 shows that it differs from the Chatham Island plant in certain particu- 

 lars ; but he adds (85, p. 395), "It is clearly a form of the present 

 species " [F. cliathamica] , " and presents only such subvarietal differences 

 as might be expected frora the difference of habitat combined with long 

 isolation." 



