Construction of the yard seldom takes more than 6 months. The 

 labor force for construction would probably not exceed 50 workers [28]. 

 During the operational phase, employment fluctuates. A pipe-coating yard 

 may employ up to 200 people for 8 months to process 200 miles of 30-inch 

 pipe. Between orders, a skeleton crew of only 40 to 45 is retained [28]. 

 Although supervisory personnel are likely to be brought into the region, 

 many operating jobs are likely to be held by local residents. 



A.ll. OIL STORAGE: Oil storage terminals are not necessarily associated 

 with a single 0CS lease. They are often built to support a single field or 

 source, but as the source becomes depleted, it may be replaced by other 

 sources, such as imports. Terminals are located along or near the coast. 



Storage terminals take about 2 years to construct, the length of time 

 varying with the size of the terminal, the size of the work force, and the 

 staging of construction. According to one estimate, 565 workers would be 

 required to construct a facility capable of handling 250,000 barrels of oil 

 per day [27]. Many of the needed workers are metal fabricators and welders. 



Storage terminals operate with a small labor force to monitor and 

 maintain the facility. The facility described above will employ 

 approximately 90 individuals [29]. Major improvements or modifications 

 are contracted out. 



A. 12. REFINERIES: Refineries are not tied to a single lease or crude oil 

 source. Although a change in the source of crude oil can require major 

 refinery modifications, these are less expensive than constructing a new 

 refinery. They are usually located along the coast or near water bodies to 

 minimize transportation costs and to have large volumes of water available 

 for processing. 



During construction, refineries employ the largest labor force of the 

 15 types of 0CS facilities. One study estimates the average labor force to 

 be 1,800 and maximum 2,900 during construction of a refinery with a 

 capacity of 200,000 barrels per day. Approximately 1,000 of these would 

 be skilled labor. Construction takes approximately 3 years [10]. The 

 effect of a labor force of this size on nonmetropolitan communities would 

 be great. 



Operating employment estimates for the same refinery range from 550 

 to 650 [10, 30]. Of the 550, 55 would be in administrative support, 55 in 

 specialized support, and 440 in operation and maintenance. Of this latter 

 total, 396 would be skilled workers [10]. 



A. 13. PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES: Petrochemical plants are closely tied to 

 refineries and their products. As in the case of refineries, petrochemical 

 plant sites are not determined by the proximity to 0CS oil or any other 

 specific source but do require substantial supplies of refined oil and a 

 large supply of fresh water. 



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