Betts. — Auteculoyii of FUnUs of F( ridotife Belt, Nelson. 137 



The cortex consists of 6-9 layers of cells with thick walls. This tissue 

 is very compact. The endodermis is well marked ; it is composed of two 

 distinct zones ; adjoining the cortical cells there is a single layer of fairly 

 large cells containing starch. Then comes a ring, 1-2 cells wide, of large 

 rectangular cells with suberized walls. 



The pericycle fibres form a wide band. The fibres are of small diameter, 

 and are closely packed. The walls are thick, and the lumen small. 



The phloem forms a wide band of small-celled elements. The xylem 

 consists for the most part of vessels of large diameter, but there are also 

 wood-fibres. The medullary rays are 2-3 cells wide, and the cells have 

 lignified walls. 



The pith is solid, and consists of round and polygonal cells, which vary 

 considerably in size. The walls are thickened, lignified, and pitted. 



11. Viola Cunninghamii Hook. f. 



Groivth-fortn . — A small tufted herb. It has a somewhat woody root- 

 stock, creeping below and tufted above. The leaves are glabrous, and are 

 tufted on the top of the rootstock, or on short branches springing from it ; 

 they are about h in. long, triangular-ovate, truncate at the base, obtuse 

 and obscurely crenate ; the petioles are i-lj in. long, and are occasionally 

 pubescent. The stipules are adnate to the base of the petiole. 



Anatomy. 



Leaf. — The upper epidermis consists of large oval cells with thin walls. 

 A thin cuticle is present. The lower epidermis is similar, except that the 

 cells are smaller. Stomates are found on both surfaces, but are more 

 numerous on the lower. The guard-cells are small, and at the same level 

 as the epidermal cells. There are no guard-cell ridges. 



The chlorenchyma is differentiated. The palisade tissue consists of 

 2 rows of cells, the cells of the outer layer being deeper than those of the 

 inner. There are fairly large intercellular au'-spaces between the palisadic 

 cells. The spongy tissue consists of rounded or irregular cells fairly loosely 

 arranged, so that there are numerous intercellular air-spaces. All the 

 chlorenchymatous cells contain moderately large chloroplasts. 



The vascular system of the leaf is not very well developed. In the 

 bundle there is only a small amount of lignified tissue, and there is a good 

 deal of parenchyma. The bundle is smTounded by a rather poorly defined 

 sheath of small, thin-walled, colourless parenchymatous cells. 



Between the bundle-sheath and the lower epidermis, and below the 

 upper epidermis, there is some colourless, thin-walled, parenchymatous 

 tissue, which forms an aqueous tissue. There are only minute air-spaces 

 between these cells. Below the bundle the epidermal cells are smaller and 

 the cuticle is somewhat thicker. 



Stem. — The epidermis consists of small oval or rectangular cells, which 

 have thin walls and a thin cuticle. 



The cortex is composed of large, closely packed, thin-walled, more or 

 less rounded parenchymatous cells. There are very small intercellular 

 air-spaces. Many of the cortical cells contain small starch-grains, and a 

 few contain crystal aggregates (sphaero-crystals) of calcium oxalate. 



The endodermis is well marked, and consists of large cells with thin 

 suberized walls. 



The phloem forms a wide continuous band ; the sieve-tubes are of fairly 

 large diameter, and associated with them is parenchyma. The xyleni 



