HoLLOwAY. — Studies in the N&w Zealand Species of Lycopodium. 171 



quantity than the xylem, and the cells composing it are very uniform in 

 nature. They show abundant contents. The actual protoxylem elements 

 are, as is the case throughout the genus, situated at the extreme periphery 

 of the xylem, but the protophloem is not always so 'easily recognized. At 

 the base of the stem there is a very marked disposition of the xylem and 

 jihloem in parallel plates. There are three parallel plates of phloem, and 

 between these two plates of xylem, while outside each of the two flanking 

 phloem plates there is a single massive xylem group. Whether or not 

 there is a constant relation subsisting between this parallel arrangement 





Fig. ]. — Lycopodium variuin. Transverse section of stele in middle region of stem 



of the Macquarie Island variety. x 137. 

 Fig. 2. — L. rarium. Transverse section of stele in middle region of stem of the 

 Antipodes Island variety. X 137. 

 3. — L. varium. Transverse section of stele in middle region of stem of the 



Campbell Island variety. X 137. 

 4. — L. rarium. Transverse section of stele towards lower region of stem of the 

 Otira Gorge variety. X 90. 



Fig, 



Fig. 



and the forking of the stem in its lower region or the giving-off of roots 1 

 was not able to determine. There is a very narrow pericycle, two cells only 

 ill width, while immediately outside it there is a single layer of cells showing 

 slightly cutinized and red-staining walls. This latter will be the innermost 

 layer of the small-celled inner cortex, which is here only from two to three 

 cells in width. The broad middle cortex is composed of large-sized and 

 thin-walled cells forming a loose spongy tissue with air-spaces, while there is 

 externally a broad zone of smaller, somewhat sclerenchymatous cells which 

 practically alone gives to the stem its rigidity. 



