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Transactions. 



The longitudinal profile of the Kaikoura Range, if not actually conclusive 

 of warping, is not inconsistent with such a method of deformation. From 

 Mount St. Bernard north-east to Mount Symons the range has an approxi- 

 mately even crest at a height of a little over 7,000 ft. It then rises abruptly 

 to the Tapuaenuku massif, with several peaks over 8,000 ft., and culminat- 

 ing in Mount Alarm (9,4:00 ft.) and Tapuaenuku (9,465 ft.). Farther to 

 the north-east a saddle of 5,516 ft. divides this massif from the Camden- 

 Ben Fluick group of peaks, which lie between 6,166 ft. and 6,560 ft. in 

 height. From thence north-east the peaks lessen rapidlv in height, the 

 principal being Black Mount (4,835 ft.), Malvern (4,680 ft.), and Blue 

 Mountain (4,080 ft.), and they are separated by relatively deep saddles. 



•.. >iV:o Conglomerate (Rcsistarrt) 

 Ti I mH Marl (V/eal') 



(y/eak) 

 L.mostonB aid Flint (Ret.«tant) 



Fig. 3. — Diagram illustrating the type of structure and sculpture in the JMiddle Clarence 



Valley (after Cotton). 



The range is narrowest between Mount St. Bernard and Mount Symons. 

 and the Tapuaenuku massif is buttressed on the Av.^atere Valley side by 

 a great spur running from Mount Alarm through Mitre Peak and Mount 

 Gladstone, these three peaks being sej)arated by deep saddles on the spur. 

 Mount Gladstone (7,780 ft.) is three miles north-west of Mount Alarm and 

 is only 1,600 ft. lower, whereas farther south-west the descent from the 

 summit of the range for the same distance is at least 4,000 ft. 



The summits of the Tapuaenuku massif are formed of intrusive rocks, 

 which may have enabled them to resist erosion better than other parts of 

 the range ; but -the summit of Blue Mountain is formed of similar intru- 

 sives, and they are probably present throughout the intervening area. The 

 streams draining the lower part of the range to the north-east do not appear 

 in distant views to be more mature than those draining Tapuaenuku, 

 so that it is probable that the original crest sloped fairly steeply from 

 Tapuaenuku to the Blue Mountain. The saddles may be neglected, as they 

 are obviously the result of erosion. 



As soon as the earliest Kaikoura deformations raised part of the area 

 above sea-level a drainage-pattern must have been established, which may 

 have been considerably different from the present jjattern. There is little 

 reason, however, to suppose that it was markedly different, for the later 

 movements would tend to follow approximately the lines of weakness 

 established during the earlier movements. The drainage-pattern established 



