HoLLOWAY. — Studies in the New Zealand Species of Lycopodium. 167 



only about 6 in. in height, and are very robust in form, with large leaves. 

 None of the Campbell Island plants which I have seen show fertile regions, 

 so that I suspect that they are not full-grown plants. They will, how- 

 ever, undoubtedly be identical with the plant from Campbell and Auckland 

 Islands described by J. D. Hooker (18). He speaks of it as follows : 

 " L. varium. in Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island, is one of 

 the finest of the genus ; it grows nearly erect on the bare ground to a 

 height of 1 ft. to 2 ft., branching upwards, copiously leafy, with large 

 spreading leaves, bearing at the apices of the branches numerous pendu- 

 lous or drooping tetragonous spikes 2 in. to 4 in. long. The stems of this 

 species are often nearly the thickness of a swan's quill, with spreading 

 leaves as broad as the middle finger. I have nowhere seen handsomer 

 specimens of it than this island presents, and more constant ones, for it is 

 confined to the woods, and does not ascend the hills, neither varying in 

 the narrow belt it inhabits nor seeking other localities where it would lie 

 exposed to the influence of exciting causes." 



There is also an interesting form from the hilltops of Macquarie Island 

 gathered by Mr. H. Hamilton, and identified by Mr. T. F. Cheeseman as 

 L. varium. This is shown in the present paper in Plate IX, fig. 2, B. In 

 a letter to the writer with regard to this plant Mr. Cheeseman says, " I have 

 for the present referred the Macquarie Island ])lants to L. varinm because 

 a few of the specimens have the branches narrowed towards their apices, 

 with smaller leaves, thus approaching the spicate character of a true varium. 

 It also differs from typical Selago in the larger, broader, and more coriaceous 

 leaves. Still there can be no doubt that it comes verv close indeed to 

 Selago." This plant stands from 4 in. to 6 in. in height, and is copiously 

 supplied with bulbils, the latter developing in profusion while still attached 

 to the stem. The presence of bulbils would seem to be an argument in 

 favour of relating this plant to L. Selago. 



From these varieties it will be seen that L. varium stands midway 

 between L. Selago and L. Billardieri, as Hooker pointed ovit. The external 

 form of the plant approaches that of L. Selogo in those localities in which 

 the plant is exposed to a more rigorous climate, and on the other hand 

 approximates to L. Billardieri in those varieties which occur in less 

 exposed and shady situations. The character of the fertile region also 

 varies along with the same change in the environment, the strobilus 

 being less differentiated from the lower sterile portion of the stem in 

 those varieties which are found in exposed positions. 



It will be convenient next to consider the forms of L. Selago as they 

 occur in New Zealand. In Plate IX, fig. 2, A, are shown two plants of 

 L. Selago which were collected by me in damp beech forest at Lake Rotoiti, 

 Nelson. This is a drawn-out, largely unbranched, rather straggling form, 

 green in colour, with comparatively large spreading leaves, and is very similar 

 in appearance to that which is figured in the frontispiece of Professor F. 0. 

 Bower's The Origin of a Land Flora. The sporangia are very apparent in 

 numerous fertile zones over almost the entire length of the stems, but the 

 number of bulbils borne on the stems is quite small. C (Plate IX, fig. 2) is 

 this species as it occurs in open tussock country on the hills around Cass, in 

 western Canterbury, at an altitude of 1,500 ft. and over. This is a very 

 common form in all such situations. It is much shorter and more rigid than 

 the shade form described above, and is more profusely forked. The leaves 

 are short, ascending, and densely crowded, giving a cylindric appearance to 

 the whole stem. In the lower parts of the stem, however, they are larger 



