322 Transactions. 



contain elli])tic masses and irregular bands of ironstone, which are full of 

 plant-remains. A very large dicotyledonous leaf, with Dmnmara leaves, 

 Taetiiopteris, &c., occui- in the ironstones and in the sandstones and sandy 

 shales which overlie the lo\Yer beds. Casts of trees 18 in. to 2 ft. in 

 diameter lie at the foot of the cliff along the river-bank, and these can be 

 seen in situ surrounded by a thin layer of briglit coal. Hard calcareous 

 sandstones overlie these beds, with which are layers of ironstone, and in 

 these beds dicotyledonous leaves and large specimens of Taeniopteris are 

 abundant. About 100 ft. from the lowest beds of the series fine splinterv 

 black shales are crowded with long slender leaves having parallel venation ; 

 and in these beds and a greensandstone band parting them into an upper 

 and lower division fresh-water shells, as casts of Cydas and one or two 

 species of univalves, are found in great abundance. Fine-grained grey 

 and gritty sandstone follows, with soft sandy beds between, and in these, 

 besides the plants already named, Pohjpodimn (?) occurs in fronds of large 

 size and well preserved in the sandstone beds. For the next 1.50 ft. the 

 beds overlying are soft and hard sandstones alternating, sands and sandy 

 shales, and small nests of coal ; and, beyond these, 50 ft. or 60 ft. of 

 dark-green volcanic rock separate this lower part of the section from the 

 higher beds, which are much the same in character " (1886, p. 102). 



A'ortJi Bank, Claie)ice Biver, opposite Tijtler Stream. — Owing to a bend 

 in the Clarence River the fault strikes across the river below Quail Flat 

 and passes through a projection of the northern bank, on the end of which 

 a small ])atch of Clarentian coal-measures is preserved. I did not cross the 

 river to observe these, but McKav has given a section of them under the 

 heading of " Clarence Crossing, Quail Flat" (McKay, 1886, p. 101). 



McKay describes in general terms a similar outcrop three miles below 

 Quail Flat, presumably also on the north bank of the river. 



Red Hill. — According to McKay's description, the Quail Flat fault runs 

 on the north-west side of Red Hill, which is composed of lower Clarentian 

 rocks, while a narrow strip of pre-Notocene rocks occurs to their south- 

 east side, along the banks of the Clarence River The lowest Clarentian 

 rocks he describes as gritty sandstones and pebble-beds without distinct 

 fossils. Next follow sandstones and grey, brown, or dark-coloured shales 

 with plant-remains, not very well preserved, and thin coal-seams, 1 ft. to 

 18 in. in thickness. From a sandstone under the lowest coal-seam two 

 fresh-water shells were collected. The succeeding beds are grey and soft 

 yellow sandstones, with dark shales and plant-remains, including dicotyle- 

 donous leaves, a narrow leaf with parallel venation, and four or five species 

 of fern. These are in turn followed by basaltic rock-tufas and sandstone 

 conglomerates, alternating in an irregular manner, and finally by sand- 

 stones and pebble-beds, which in the north-eastern end of Red Hill are 

 calcareous and contain concretions 1 ft. to 15 in. in diameter. 



Clareuce River helow Bluff River. — There is a very considerable develop- 

 ment of Notocene rocks from Bluff Hill across the Clarence River to 

 Limestone Hill, which has not been satisfactorily explored either by McKay 

 or myself. As seen from the north-east end of tiie valley Bluft' Hill seems 

 to form a syncline, nnd this impression is confirmed by the outcrop of 

 lower Clarentian rocks on the north-west side of the Notocene outlier at 

 the mouth of the Bluff River and north-west of Limestone Hill, where in 

 a small creek I observed coal-2iieasures similar to those of the Herring 

 River, overlaid by volcanic rocks. McKay (1886, p. 68) also states that 

 the Buller series — i.e., the coal-measures — underlies the first great sheet 



