226 Transactions. — Botany. 



but are of various angular shapes and sizes. This species also 

 differs from M. rhynchophorum, Hook., in its operculum and 

 in its leaves, which (in that species) are of a different shape, 

 with their margin closely serrate throughout, and with large 

 open cells at the base of the leaf. Sir. W. J. Hooker does not 

 give any dissections in* his plate, neither full particulars of this 

 moss (" Journal Bot." vol. i.), so that I do not know the teeth, 

 etc., of that species. I notice, however, that C. Mueller (Syn. 

 Muse, vol. i., p. 158) has united those two species with others, 

 but to me they seem very distinct. 



Genus 68. Cyathophorum, Palisot. 

 1. C. novce-zealandia, sp. nov. 



Plant rather large, shortly creeping, sometimes tufted ; stipe 

 black, sub-rigid, very short, base and roots thickly covered with 

 brown tomentum ; stems sub-erect and decurved, (often pen- 

 dulous,) flat, lanceolate, 2-5 inches long, i inch broad at middle, 

 simple and branched above ; branches patent, flexible, sub- 

 opposite and pretty nearly together, and sometimes forked and 

 proliferous. Leaves very thin, pellucid, glossy, bright emerald- 

 green, distichous, sub-ovate-acute, cuspidate, 2£ lines long, sub- 

 opposite, distinct, waved, and sometimes more or less slightly 

 plaited, spreading, falcate, dimidiate, the upper basal portion 

 overlapping the stem, the lower excised and not decurrent, the 

 apical portion finely serrate on three-fourths of the upper margin, 

 and on two-fourths of the lower ; nerve 0, but in some leaves 

 there is a very short and faint nerve ; the leaves also possess a 

 very short, stout petiole-like black nerve at their extreme base, 

 uniting them to the stem, and from it a nerve-like plait runs 

 into the lamina ; cells, very narrow, linear and rectangular, 

 arranged in transversely banded and wavy lines. Dorsal leaves 

 broadly orbicular, strongly and distantly serrate above, very 

 much cuspidate ; cusp long, curved, aristate and capillary. The 

 dorsal leaves on the branches, however, are sub-ovate-lanceolate, 

 acute, and their lateral leaves are much smaller ; perichaetial 

 leaves small, and of two forms : (1) the inner, broad, elliptic or 

 sub-orbicular below, suddenly contracted above, the apical portion 

 long, caudate-acuminate ; tip sharply acute with 2-3 serratures 

 some distance below the apex ; (2) the outer narrow, acuminate, 

 entire, both nerveless ; cells long and narrow. Fruit-stalk 

 erect, short, about 1-1^ lines long, largely bulbous at base, with 

 a constriction between it and the vaginula ; capsule oblong, 

 turgid, about one line long, bright-green spotted with red, (some- 

 times wholly bright-red when mature,) sub-apophysate ; and the 

 outer teeth narrow, very acuminate, each with two vertical 

 central lines ; the inner teeth with a thick dark central vertical 

 line ; operculum small, one-fourth length of capsule, convex or 

 flattish-hemispherical, broader than the contracted mouth of the 



