Contents 



INTRODUCTION vii 



INTERNATIONAL POSITION OF U.S. SCIENCE 



AND TECHNOLOGY 1 



Level of Research and Development 3 



Results of Research and Development 5 



Productivity, Technology Transfer, and Balance of Trade 12 



RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 19 



National Resources for Research and Development 21 



Federally Funded R&D and National Objectives 23 



Resources for Industrial R&D 26 



R&D Funding by Universities and Colleges 29 



BASIC RESEARCH 31 



Resources for Basic Research 34 



Basic Research in Universities and Colleges 36 



Basic Research in Federal Laboratories 43 



Basic Research in Industry 44 



SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PERSONNEL 47 



Current Pool of Scientists and Engineers 49 



Enrollments and Degree Production 52 



Supply and Utilization , 59 



INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES 63 



Science and Engineering Education 65 



Research Equipment and Facilities 71 



Federal Intramural Research and Development 74 



Industrial Research and Development '^'7 



A DELPHI EXPERIMENT 83 



National Problems Warranting Greater R&D 2>S 



Impacts of R&D Funding Changes 86 



Changes Needed To Improve Technological 



Innovation and Diffusion ?>'l 



Adequacy of Current Basic Research Efforts ^1 



Distribution of Basic Research Funds Among Fields of Science ... 90 



Changes in Graduate Training of Scientists and Engineers 92 



PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY . . 95 



Total Group Responses 96 



Analysis of Results by Demographic Subgroups 99 



APPENDIX A— INDICATORS 101 



APPENDIX B— DELPHI PANELISTS 141 



