Table C — Factors Impeding Technological Innovation and Diffusion 



Percentage of 

 paneli$h rating 

 Impeding factors^ factor as 



impeiitment to: 



Innovation Diffusion 



Incentives and Government Policies 



Inatieijuale profit from innovative work to help iocial sector 



problems 100 100 



Disaggregateit and diffused market in several sectors needing 



innovation llocal government, housing, heatlh services, etc. I .... 100 91 



Inability to obtain venture capital funds for 



high-risk innovations 92 77 



Lack of appropriate tax incentives for R&D and 



innovation ''I 72 



Limited federal support of industrial projects with 



high social return hut low private return 82 73 



Negative public attitudes toward technology 82 63 



Antitrust laws which prohibit cooperative ventures .... 75 75 



Lack of a government agency to support the introduction of 



technological innovation Ito offset role of regulatory agencies! .... 55 55 



Patent policies which inhibit innovation 33 38 



Industrial Management 



Reluctance to abandon commitment to current 



processes/products 100 100 



Limited industrial research budgets 92 84 



Ijick of orientation of R6D toward needs 91 100 



Limited understanding of the innovation process by big 



company management 91 91 



Lack of acceptance of innovations developed elsewhere 91 90 



Lack of entrepreneurial spirit 73 91 



Oversized, overorganized industry 56 56 



Lack of adequate business and marketing efforts 



(to exploit successful innovationsi 56 56 



Research Activities and Manpower 



Negative bias of academic scientists toward the value of 



industrial research 100 80 



Insufficient exploratory research 100 60 



Education of scientists and engineers inappropriate 



for innovation 92 75 



Lack of national priorities to focus science and 



technology resources 91 82 



Negative attitude of academic scientists toward 



programmed (goal directed) research and 



multidisciplinary team research management 89 78 



Lack of new ideas stemming from basic research 85 23 



Lack of necessary technical skills 75 100 



Limitations in the diffusion of technical information 



(in English and in foreign languages) 67 75 



' Items in italics were suggested to panelists as evamplesj others were added by panelists and presented in the 

 second round 



88 



