Table 1. R&D expenditures as a percent of gross national product, by country, 1963-71 



[National currencies in billions] 



Country 1963 1964 1^67 7969 7970 7977 



R&D expenditures 



United States 17.4 19.2 23 6 26.2 26.7 27 3 



France' 6.4 {') 12.4 13.9 15,1 15.8 



Germany 6,1 {') 8,3 10,4 13,9 15,1 



United Kingdom 73 0.77 94 1.02 1.08 114 



Japan 321 P) 606 933 1,200 1,500 



US.S.R 4^9 n 7^2 as P) 11.6 



Gross national product 



United States 590 5 632.4 793,9 929 1 974,1 1,047 



France 396 {') 573 2 725 6 815,2 903.0 



Germany 377.6 P) 495,5 603,4 682,1 750,6 



United Kingdom 30.7 33.3 40 1 46.1 50.5 54.0 



Japan 23,628 (') 43,545 60,242 70,985 82,000 



US.S.R 206.8 n 282.0 329 6 362 6 386.6 



R&D expenditures as a percent of gross national product 



United States 2.94 3.04 2.97 2.81 2 73 2.60 



France 1.62 {') 2.16 1.92 1.85 1.75 



Germany 1.62 {') 168 1.72 2.04 2 01 



United Kingdom 2.38 2.31 2 34 2.21 2.14 2 11 



Japan 1.36 (^) 1,39 1,55 1.69 1,83 



US.S.R 2^7 P) 2^55 2^82 P) 3.00 



' Gross expenditures for research and development 

 ^ Not available 



Sources Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Survey of the Resources Devoted to R&D by OECD Member Countries 

 for 1963, 1967, and 1969, National Science Foundation estimates for 1970 and 1971, USSR estimates lor all years provided by Dr Robert 

 W Campbell, Indiana University 



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