624 Transactions. — Miscellaneous. 



the Authorised Version, but untranslated in the Revised Old 

 Testament. In the forms Naga, Ngae, Kneph, and Nephelim, 

 I believe we have similarly- originated words, alluding to the 

 phallic-snake of the Phallo-pautheistic faith of the people of 

 Turanian India, or Bhamta, the Wairota of Maori tradition. 



But if the Xacfa evidence be deemed rather circumstantial 

 than direct, not the slightest doubt can attach to the evidence 

 for the other symbol of the Phalhc cult of India — viz., the 

 truncated tree, monolith, or obelisk. 



Mr. Taylor says there were two grand orders of gods : the 

 first and most famous were the gods of the night, as night 

 preceded the light, and then followed the gods of the light. Of 

 these the chiefs were Huie-nui-te-po, (" great mother night,") the 

 grand-parent of the rest. Of the latter, Rangi and Papa (or 

 (Heaven and Earth,) were the parents. This conception of 

 heaven and earth being the parents of life belongs both to Aryan 

 and Turanian systems in India. In fact, it simply personifies 

 the union of spirit and matter — the representatives of the male 

 and female principles, the parent snakes from which springs 

 the germ. The Greeks also married Auranos to Gaia in the 

 same way. Mr. Arthur Lillie, in his work on " Buddha and 

 Buddhism," quotes from the Veda the following passages : — 



" May the soft wind waft us a pleasant healing ; 

 May mother Earth and father Heaven convey it to us. * * 

 We invoke the lord of living beings ! " 



And adds, " This lord of living beings is the sun ;" or, as he in 

 other places of his book terms him, "the solar god-man, the 

 Divine germ, or anthropomorphic Deity, the logos, or demiurge." 

 The Maoris represented him in the person of Tiki, a name 

 perhaps contracted from jiotihi = a child. But, to return to the 

 quotations from Mr. Taylor: "The sky with its solid pavement 

 lying upon the earth rendered it fruitless ; a few insignificant 

 plants, shrubs, and creeping plants only had room to grow on its 

 surface." (I would suggest, in parenthesis, that these plants 

 were probably looked on as either hermaphrodite or sexless.) 

 " The offspring of Rangi and Papa were : first the kuvuim, next 

 the fern-root." (I shall show later that the kumara and fern-root 

 represent the phallic emblems in the vegetable economy of 

 Nature. ) " The first living being produced was Tane, from whom 

 proceeded trees and bmls." What he was they do not seem 

 clearly to know : a god, a man, or a tree. He is also called 

 Tane Mahuta. Mr. Taylor gives a full account of the separa- 

 tion of the heaven from the earth, and its propping by Tane, 

 too lengthy for quotation in full. I select the following pas- 

 sages, however : — 



"Alas for Rangi I Alas for Papal Alas for the power of 

 Tane Mahuta ! For him was reserved the propping up. Down 

 went his head below ; up went his heels above. Up entirely 



