640 Transactions. — Miscellaneous. 



same family, the counterparts in Maori tradition of the earlier 

 Tm-anian Hindu triad. I have shown that Kali, or Uma, is the 

 terrestrial mother-goddess, the Earth ; and, as such, she must 

 represent not only Houmea, or Hema, but Pani, the Maori earth- 

 goddess. So the inference is clear that there is really no differ- 

 ence between Houmea and Pani. Now, the husband of Houmea 

 is Houtaiki, and the husband of Pani is Tiki ; and these names 

 of the husbands approach so nearly to each other that they 

 seem merely two forms of the one. So, then, the inference is 

 strengthened, if it be premature to assume it proved. The form 

 Taiki, of the Chinese triad, represents exactly the latter part of 

 Houtaiki of the Maoris ; but I have shown that, as the Maori 

 anthropomorpJiic deity, or direct Creator of man, the Maori Tiki 

 represents the Taiki of the Chinese — as he does also the other 

 solar-god-men of the other triads of Eastern religions. So 

 then, I think, all doubt must be removed fi-om the inference 

 that the Maori Houtaiki, the Chinese Taiki, and the Maori Tiki 

 are names for the same solar deity — the husband of the terres- 

 trial mother-goddess Houmea, or Pani. The skid of Houtaiki 

 therefore refers, in an occult way, to the pJtallos ; and, as barriers 

 that might not be passed, they answer the same purpose as the 

 phallic obelisks that marked the precincts of consecrated or 

 other ground in the East. 



There is a curious passage in a paper by Dr.Bulleronabird, 

 the Tieke [Creadion carunculatus), or Saddle-back, which is well 

 worth considering in its bearings on this connection of phallism. 

 " The tieke is regarded," says Dr. Buller, " as a bird of omen by 

 the Natives of the Bay of Plenty. It is also the mythical bird 

 that is supposed to guard the ancient treasures of the Maoris. 

 According to Maori tradition, among these hidden things is a 

 stone atua. . . . The Natives state that this species usually 

 places its nest in the hollow of a tree. ... A pair is said 

 to be still breeding in the hollow of the famous tree at Omaru- 

 teaugi, known all over the country as ' Putatieke.' " It is added 

 in a note : " Putatieke : a renowned hinau tree in the Urewera 

 country. It is supposed to possess miraculous attributes. 

 Sterile women visit it for the purpose of inducing conception. 

 They clasp the tree in transport, and repeat certain incantations 

 by way of invoking the atua.'' 



The Egyptian and Greek women used to touch the phallos 

 for a similar purpose ; and I think there can be no doubt that a 

 phallic meaning is hidden away in this traditional usage of the 

 Maoris. The name Tieke is sufficiently near the name Tiki to 

 suggest a connection ; and the fact that, among the treasures 

 guarded by the Tieke was a stone atua, probably a hcitiki or 

 imago of Tiki, bears out the suggestion. As Tiki and Pani are 

 shown to be identical in character or function to Uta and Hema, 

 the Maori counterparts of Siva and Kali, the phallic deities of 



