242 Transactions. 



Panehe. — A steel hatchet. The term not applied to any 

 stone tool. 



Patiti. — An iron or steel hatchet. 



Williams's Dictionary also gives panekeneke as a small iron 

 tool, a hatchet. Patiti kupa is said to be the European squaring- 

 axe, but kupa sounds suspiciously like " cooper." 



Small toki were carried in the belt, but with large ones the 

 handle was thrust down under the shoulder-cape, thus resting 

 on the back of the carrier, being supported by the head of the 

 axe resting on the collar of the cape. Handles for these stone 

 axes — or, rather, adzes — were made of the branch of a tree, the 

 tawhero and matai being favourite woods for the purpose. A 

 small branch was selected for the handle ; a secondary branch 

 and a piece of the main branch from which it sprang was cut off 

 and left adhering to the handle. The whole was then reduced 

 in size, and properly shaped, being made smooth by means of 

 hard rubbing on the rough outside of a kaporu/a, or tree-fern. 

 Its shape was then like a human leg from the knee down- 

 wards, including the foot, the stone toki being lashed on to the 

 sole of the foot. 



The name of the above adze-like implement is toki, which 

 name was also applied to metal axes obtained from early 

 European voyagers and traders. European adzes are termed 

 1,/ijia and kapukapu, so called from their shape. The blades 

 of our carpenters' planes were formerly much sought after for 

 the purpose of using as adzes, being lashed on to handles like 

 unto the one described above. The term tarai signifies to 

 adze down or hew a timber with a kapu or toki. Tarei is a 

 variant form of the above expression. To use a small implement, 

 as a panehe, to shape a timber is described by the term tukou. 



Regarding the term ivhakarau used above, it appears to sig- 

 nify the finishing-off process in timber-hewing, the smoothening 

 of the surface with a small toki. When a workman is finishing 

 off a canoe it may be asked, " How is So-and-so's canoe ? ' : 

 The reply will be " E ! Kua oti, kua ivhakarau t<> toki " (0 ! lb is 

 almost finished, the adze is just doing the whakarau). It is then 

 known that the waimanu (hollowing-out) work is done, and that 

 the surface is being finished off. When the workman com- 

 mences to ivhakarau a canoe-hull he casts a small stone into the 

 hold thereof, in order to preserve his knowledge of the art of 

 timber-working, that it may not be lost — Kin man tonu tana 

 maramara, ara kia mau tona mohiotanqa, Ida kore e ngaro. 



In making stone axes and other implements the Tuhoe 

 people seem to have obtained the stone from outside sources, 

 the rocks within their tribal boundaries being principally a 



