208 Transactions. 



The hangaroa appears to be a grass, the culms of which were 

 used in making belts or girdles for women, as also anklets, pieces 

 of flax-fibre being drawn through the hollow stems in order to 

 strengthen them. The fruit of the papa-koura is also known as 

 hangaroa. Children string these berries on pieces of fibre in 

 order to form necklaces and bracelets, as they also use the 

 berries of the sweetbriar. 



The sap of the hangehange bark is used as a cure for a skin 

 complaint known as hawaniivani. 



Hdrakeke is the generic term for 'Phormium tenax, each 

 variety having its distinctive name. 



Harore is a generic term for many species of fungus, &c. 

 each having its own distinctive name. The tipitaha appears to 

 be the mushroom, while the maiheru, which grows on open 

 country, is probably the same as the tiki tahora. The puapua- 

 a-autahi, one of the edible species, is somewhat poisonous, and 

 has to be cooked for a long time in a steam-oven in order to 

 render it innocuous. 



Leaves of the heketara were used in former times wherewith 

 to give an agreeable scent to oil (a toilet article). The crushed 

 leaves, together with the kopuru moss, also seem to have been 

 employed without any agent, to impart a pleasing odour to 

 clothing. If the heketara is seen to blossom abundantly it is 

 said to be a token of a fine summer to follow. 



The hard frond-stems of the heruheru fern are said to have 

 been utilised as teeth for hair-combs in past times. Todea 

 superba is also known as heruheru. 



The bark of the hinau and hinau-puka were used in dyeing 

 fibre black for being woven into garments. The meal of the 

 berries of the hinau was an important item of the Tuhoean 

 food-supply in former items. These berries have a sort of 

 emblematical name — viz., the Whatu o Poutini — perhaps only 

 used in song and aphorism. A gum which exudes from the 

 hinau tree is dissolved in the liquid used for preparing the black 

 pigment for tattooing purposes. It is said to prevent the 

 tattoo-marks from fading. A hinau tree from which the gum 

 exudes without the tree being cut or wounded is said to provide 

 the best bark for dyeing purposes. This bark produces the 

 mordant for dyeing, the fibre being afterwards immersed in a 

 black mud. 



The leaves of the horopito were used by women when weaning 

 a child, crushed leaves of the same, or of the kiwakiwa fern 

 (syn., kiwikiivi), being rubbed on the breasts in older to give 

 them a bitter taste. The berries of the horopito are termed 

 matou by the Arawa Tribe. The sap is used to cure skin- 

 diseases. 



