Marshall. — Relations between Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks. 113 



between tlie beds witb mammalian and reptilian remains {Notostylops, 

 Pyrotherium, and Dinosaurs) to the marine beds of Ostrea pyrotherorium. 

 His arguments do not appear to be convincing, especially as they are 

 opposed to the observations and opinions of those geologists who actually 

 saw the formations in the' field. 



To one who merely reads the statements of the various authors it 

 appears quite possible that the whole series was deposited during a period 

 of continuous marine transgression. At any rate, the close relationship 

 between the Senonian and Miocene faunas in various parts of Patagonia and 

 in other countries of Sou.th America seems to be a matter of considerable 

 importance in this connection. This close affinity is admitted and is even 

 emphasized by Wilckens, and it appears wholly contradictory to the idea 

 of an elevation and palaeontological break extending throughout the Eocene 

 and Oligocene periods. 



(5.) Antarctica. 



Another locality where Upper Cretaceous and Miocene sediments are 

 found in association is East Antarctica, at Seymour Island. Here there is 

 a distinct Senonian formation, which contains a considerable cephalopod as 

 well as other molluscau fauna. The latter was described by Wilckens,* 

 who classes it as distinctly Upper Senonian, and states that it has an Indo- 

 Pacific character, together with certain elements of its own. It includes 

 such genera as Lima, Niicida, Malletia, Lirnopsis, Turritella, Fnsus, and 

 Cassidaria, all of which have a large occurrence in the Miocene formation of 

 South America. 



Again, there are on the same small island fossil-bearing Tertiary rocks 

 correlated with the Patagonian molasse of Miocene age. The junction of 

 these beds with the Senonian appears to be indistinct. Andersson, in 

 his paper on the geology of Grahamland, f says that no discordance can be 

 seen. Apparently the junction is to be placed in a poorly fossiliferous 

 horizon which shows some false bedding. It is obvious that here the 

 relationships in the Chile, Patagonia, and Magellan district are repeated ; 

 in other words, there is a distinct Senonian fauna clearly ancestral to 

 the Miocene fauna, while from a stratigraphical standpoint no break has 

 been found. 



(6.) New Zealand. 



In this country no lists of fossils which have been collected from 

 those localities generally admitted to be rightly classed as of Cretaceous 

 age have yet been published. It is well known that species of Inocermnus, 

 Trigonia, Aporrhais, and Conchothyra, as well as Belemnites and Ammonites, 

 occur in them ; but no species of Mollusca similar to those of recognized 

 Tertiar}^ rocks have yet been recorded from them. Collections of the 

 Cretaceous fossils from several New Zealand localities have recently been 

 classified by Mr. H. Woods, but the results of his work are not yet available. 



On the other hand, the fossils from the various Tertiary localities have 

 now been moderately well studied, and no fewer than 751 species of Mollusca, 

 excluding cephalopods, are classified in Suter's " Hand-list of New Zealand 

 Tertiary Mollusca," 1915. Amongst this large number of species the only 

 two which may be regarded as possessing Mesozoic affinities belong to the 



* O. Wilckens, "Die Mollusken der antarktischen Tertiarformation," Wiss. Erg. 

 schwed. Siidpolarexp., Bd. iii. Lief. 1.3 (1911); " Handbuch der regionalen Geologie," 

 15 Heft, Band vii, 6, pp. 7, 8. 



t J. G. Andersson, Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, vol. 7, p. 60. 



