116 Transactions. 



previously recorded among the extinct or Recent fauna of New Zealand. 

 The same remark applies to the two species of the subgenus Mazzalina of 

 the genus Latinis. The genera Gibbula, Bittium, and Haminea occur among 

 the Recent fauna, but no extinct species have previously been recorded in 

 New Zealand. 



Thus, of thirty-nine genera, as many as four, or 10 per cent., are extinct 

 in New Zealand. Of the fifty-two species, twenty-nine, or 56 per cent., are 

 not represented among the 751 Tertiary species previously known. Only 

 twenty-one species, or 40 per cent., occur among the previously described 

 Tertiary species, and, of these, seven, or 13-5 per cent., are Recent. The 

 Recent species are : Turritella symmetrica, Natica australis, Venericardia 

 difficilis, V. zelandica, Dosinia greyi, and Corhula zelandica. 



This analysis of the Wangaloa fossils shows that the fauna is a very 

 peculiar one, and it is difficult to state the age of the strata in which such 

 an association of organisms occurs. On the one hand, the occurrence of 

 Pugnellus and Avellana shows an affinity with the Chico and Quiriquina 

 fauna and with the Patagonian fauna of Senonian age. It is true that 

 amongst the fauna of these localities Eriptycha or Cinvlia occurs with the 

 Pugnellus, but the replacement of these genera by Avellana merely empha- 

 sizes its Cretaceous affinities, for there is no previous record of this genus 

 in strata higher than the Cenomanian. 



The suggestion of an earlier age than the ordinary Tertiary of New Zea- 

 land is further supported by the very high number (56 per cent.) of species 

 which had apparently become extinct before the ordinary Tertiary strata 

 of New Zealand were deposited. 



The fact that Roxania and Mazzalina also occur, though unknown in 

 the Tertiary or Recent of New Zealand, lends further support, as well as 

 the fact that Niso has hitherto been recorded only from the low Tertiary 

 greensands of Whareknri. 



On the other hand, the 40 per cent, of New Zealand Miocene species 

 closely relates the Wangaloa beds to that age ; and this point is further 

 emphasized by the occurrence of 13-5 per cent, of Recent species. 



(iv.) Hampden. 



The strata at the north end of the Onekakara Beach, near Hampden, 

 have long been known to be fossiliferous. Mantell, in 1851, classed them 

 as Upper Tertiary. Hutton, in 1875 and in 1885, placed them in his 

 Pareora formation, of Miocene age ; and the same was done by Park in 

 1905 and in 1910. McKay alone, in 1887, classed them as Cretaceo-tertiary, 

 basing his opinion on purely lithological and stratigraphical grounds. 



Both Hutton and Park have given lists of fossils from this locality. 

 That of Hutton included Trigonia pectinata Lam. ; but the specimen obtained 

 by him has been recently examined by Suter, and he has shown that it is 

 distinct from the Australian species, and it is now known as Trigonia neo- 

 zelanica Suter. In 1905 Park failed to find this species ; and even Hutton 

 appears to have been doubtful about it, for he does not mention it in his 

 list of New Zealand Tertiary Mollusca in 1886, and failed to find any more 

 specimens when he visited the locality in that year. 



In October, 1915, a visit was paid to Hampden, and no fewer than three 

 specimens of a Trigonia distinct from T. neozelanica were found. In addi- 

 tion, a species of Avellana was obtained. This species is described else- 

 where in tills volume (p. 121) as Avellana tertiaria Marshall. The stratification 



