Marshall. — Relations between Cretaceous and Tertiary Bocks. 117 



of the Tertiary rocks of this coast is correctly described by McKay, as 

 follows : — 



(4.) Onekakara sands {Trigonia, Avellana). 



(3.) Moeraki boulder beds, 



(2.) Katiki Beach beds. 



(1.) Sandstones and conglomerates with coal. 



These strata McKay thought to be conformable, and there does not seem 

 to be any reason to doubt the truth of this statement. In the upper divi- 

 sion of No. 1 McKay found fossils that were not named, but were said to 

 be typical species of the New Zealand Cretaceous. No fossils have yet 

 been found in this district in the beds between (1) and (4), in the latter of 

 which there are the two Cretaceous genera mentioned, but also a consider- 

 able number of Miocene and even Recent forms. The latter in Hutton and 

 Park's lists amount to as much as 48 and 41 per cent, respectively. Here, 

 then, two genera usually decidedly Cretaceous survived until the fauna had 

 become of a definite Miocene type. This statement is made in accordance 

 with the work of Hutton and Park, as my collections have not yet been 

 worked out. It is, however, noticeable that Surcula hamiltoni Hutton, 

 which has hitherto only been found in the greensands below the limestone 

 at Wharekuri and Waihao, is well represented in my collections, though 

 it is not mentioned in the other lists. 



It is, of course, the case tha^. Trigonia is found in the Australian Ter- 

 tiaries, especially in the Janjukiau, and it is also a Recent genus on the 

 Australian coast. The Janjukian formation has been placed by Pritchard 

 and Hall in the Eocene, and by Chapman in the Miocene period. 



This collection at Hampden is particularly interesting in view of the 

 results stated by Wilckens in Chile and Patagonia ; in fact, the occurrence 

 of these forms would probably cause him to class the Hampden formation 

 as Cretaceous. 



{x.) Brighton. 



This locality lies twelve miles to the south of Dunedin. Here the quartz 

 gravels at the base of the Tertiary rocks with coal strata rest on an eroded 

 surface of schist. For mairy years the belemnite previously mentioned has 

 been known to occur in these beds, but no other fossils in a state of pre- 

 servation that allowed of identification had been obtained from it. A new 

 species of Pecten has now been found. There are, in addition, many remains 

 of Ostrea and a fragment of Venericardia. There can be little doubt that 

 this bed is of the same age as the Wangaloa strata, from which it is thirty 

 miles distant. Every geologist has up to the present time admitted its 

 Tertiary age, and it is certainly almost at the base of the Tertiary 

 series. 



Thus in these three localities — Wangaloa, Hampden, and Brighton — 

 all close to the base of the younger series of rocks, there are faunas which 

 together include the following species with decided Cretaceous affinities : 

 Pugnellus australis Marshall, Avellana paucistriata Marshall, Avellana curia 

 Marshall, Avellana tertiaria Marshall, Trigonia neozelmiica Suter, Trigonia 

 n. sp., Belemnites lindsayi Hector. 



The occurrence of these fossils would apparently be sufficient to cause 

 Wilckens to clas.sify the beds in the Senonian, judging by his classification 

 of the Quiriquina and Patagonian strata (see p. 112). He has practically 

 used the genera Pugnellus, Cinulia, Trigonia, and Baculites for assigning, 

 the Cretaceous age to these formations. 



