Bird. — Lianes of the Ancient Forest of Canterbury Plains. 333 



(ii.) Lea^ -anatomy . 



[a.) Shade Leaj (Juvenile). — Epidermis : Cells in transverse section iso- 

 diametrical, outer walls slightly convex and a little thicker than lateral 

 walls; in upper epidermis cells larger than in lower; stomata on under 

 surface only, level with epidermal surface. A few unicellular hairs are 

 scattered on both leaf-surfaces. Chlorenchyma : Palisade- — 1 layer cells 

 cuneate, with base towards upper epidermis. Chloroplasts most numerous 

 towards this base. Tissue occupies about one-sixth of leaf-thickness. 

 Spongy — Beneath palisade 1 layer of fairly regular collecting-cells, with 

 numerous chloroplasts ; remainder of spongy tissue is composed of irregular 

 cells, 5-6 cells thick, whose connections leave large intercellular spaces ; 

 chloroplasts few in number. Vascular bundle surrounded by well-developed 

 sheath of spherical parenchymatous cells. Leaf-margin : Epidermal cells 

 with thick cuticle ; chlorenchymatous cells more or less spherical. Antho- 

 cyan often present in palisade layer. Calcium oxalate : A few aggregate 

 crystals scattered in upper spongy tissue. 



(6.) Sun Leaj (Adult). — Epidermis: Thick cuticle; lateral walls also 

 thickened. Hypodermis : Present beneath upper epidermis in regions of 

 vascular bundles ; cells more or less spherical and thick-walled. Chloren- 

 chyma : Palisade — Beneath h^-^joderm 2 layers, in other places 3 layers ; 

 ceils elongated and very closely packed ; chloroplasts most abundant along 

 lateral walls ; each cell contains a large oil-drop ; tissue comii rises about 

 one-third of leaf- thickness. Spongy — Cells more spherical than in juvenile ; 

 intercellular spaces smaller ; cells with few chloroplasts. Vascular bundle : 

 Parenchymatous sheath thick - walled. Leaf - margin : Epidermal cells 

 greatly thickened ; beneath epidermis a mass of hypoderm composed of 

 thick-walled cells ; for a short distance from the margin the hypoderm ex- 

 tends in 2 layers ; chlorenchymatous cells spherical or slightly elongated ; 

 intercellular spaces very small. Calcium oxalate : Crystals more numerous 

 than in juvenile. Anthocyan : Often abundant in top palisade layer and 

 lowest spongy layer. 



7. Parsonsia capsularis var. rosea. 



A. LIFE-FORM. 



This species is similar in its distribution to P. heterophylla, but it is present 

 in much smaller numbers. The life-form of the two species is similar, except 

 that P. capsularis var. rosea does not grow to such a height, being found 

 chiefly on the dense shrubs. The young stems, brownish in colour, are very 

 elastic, and their tendency to intertwine is even greater than in the stems 

 of P. heterophijUa. Groups of 4-8 stems form " ropes," and, further, a 

 number of these " ropes " may come into contact and together form a single 

 large " rope," which thus is fairly rigid and can project from a support 

 for a considerable distance. 



B. LEAF. 



(i.) Leaj -form. 



[a.) Adult. — Leaves vary in size and shape from narrow-linear, 3-10 cm. 

 long and 0-2-0-3 cm. broad, to oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long 

 and 1-1 -5 cm. broad ; obtuse or subacute, coriaceous, margins usually entire 

 or occasionally slightly lobed. 



