40 Transactions. 



area " (loc. cit., p. 211). I cannot go fully into this important matter, 

 but the following are rather striking examples. Many would not consider 

 some of these plants " species," they are so close ; but so long as they are 

 distinct entities which reproduce themselves " true " they meet the case 

 as well or better. 



Dracophyllum scoparium Hook, f., and another species considered by 

 Cheeseman a form of this species (1909, p. 420) but by Kirk a var. of 

 D. Urvilleanum, grow in the scrub of Campbell Islands. Celmisia vernicosa 

 Hook. f. and C. campbellensis Chapman, a very rare plant, grow side by 

 side in Auckland and Campbell Islands. Cotula Traillii T. Kirk, C. pul- 

 chella T. Kirk, and C. (obscura T. Kirk) ? grow together on coastal moor 

 near Foveaux Strait. Two " species " of Acaena grow side by side on 

 dunes in Southland : the one has more or less erect branches and long- 

 peduncled flowers — it may be a var. of A. microphylla Hook. f. ; the other 

 is pressed most tightly to the ground, and has almost sessile flowers — it is 

 A. microphylla var. pauciglochidiata Bitter. Both forms keep their dis- 

 tinctive characters for years when grown in garden-soil ; intermediate 

 forms occur amongst the wild plants which may be variants, mutants, or 

 hybrids. Cotula atrata Hook. f. and C. Dendyi Cockayne sp. ined. occur 

 on the same shingle-slip. Several absolutely distinct forms of Veronica 

 buxifolia Benth. grow pn the same subalpine herb-field (see Plate II. 

 fig. 1). Rubus parvus Buch. and R. Barheri Cockayne are in near 

 proximity in the neighbourhood of Lake Brunner, Westland. Nothofagus 

 fusca Oerst. and N. apiculata Cockayne grow in company in the forests 

 at Day's Bay (Wellington) and Kaikoura (Marlborough). Astelia linearis 

 Hook. f. and A. subulata Cheesem. grow side by side on mountain- moors in 

 Auckland and Stewart Islands. Raoulia australis Hook. f. and R. lutescens 

 Cockayne grow side by side on river-beds of the South Island Olearia 

 Colensoi Hook. f. and 0. Traillii T. Kirk grow mixed together in coastal 

 scrub in Stewart Island. Cassinia albida Cockayne, C. Vauvilliersii Hook, f., 



C. fulvida Hook, f., and other closely related intermediate forms grow mixed 

 on Mount Fyffe, Seaward Kaikoura Mountains. Two distinct forms of 

 Cassinia Vauvilliersii grow just above the forest-line in Auckland Island 

 (see Cockayne 1909a, p. 216). Cotula lanata Hook, f., C. propinqua Hook. f._ 

 and C. plumosa Hook. f. grow side by side on the shore of Auckland and 

 Campbell Islands. Olearia ilicifolia Hook. f. and 0. mollis Cockayne grow 

 together in subalpine forest of Westland. Related Epilobia grow side by 

 side in many places ; some I know come true from seed. Poa foliosa 

 Hook. f. and P. Tennantiana grow close together in Auckland Island. 

 Celmisia sessiliflora Hook. f. and C. argentea T. Kirk grow side by side 

 on certain alpine moors of the southern botanical province. Nothopanax 

 simplex Seem, and N. parvum Cockayne are companion plants in the forest, 

 of Stewart Island and Westland. Carmichaelia Monroi Hook. f. and a 

 related but more robust species not yet described* grow side by side on 

 steppe and river-bed of the Canterbury Plain and eastern Southern Alps. 

 Coprosma Petriei Cheesem. has two forms, one with claret-coloured drupes, 

 and the other with faintly blue drupes ; they grow side by side on montane 

 steppe in the South Island. Coprosma Colensoi Hook. f. and C. Banksii 

 Petrie occur side by side in many forests. Ranunculus Lyallii Hook. f. and 



* What I take to be this plant received the herbarium name of C. humilis from 



D. Petrie many years ago. It has also been in cultivation along with C. Monroi Hook. f. 

 in the Ohristchurch Domain for a long period. 



