208 Transactions. 



two thin white lines to enclose a dark-greenish dorsal line. A thin red 

 line in conjunction with a white line from tip of frontal horn to tip of tail 

 horn. Two fainter lines from wing-cover to tip of abdomen. A white 

 line edged both sides with red from centre of wing-case, not reaching to 

 end of abdomen. A dark line with a white line below along the top of 

 wings. Veins of future wings clearly outlined. As the insect neared 

 emergence the dark spots on the wings showed plainly through the pupa 

 skin. 



Correction. 



In the " Transactions of the New Zealand Institute," vol. 43, 1911, 

 pp. 127, 128, I find I have carelessly written " lines " where it should 

 be " mm." Unfortunately, this not only makes the description read 

 wrongly as to the wing-expanpe, but has also mislead those responsible 

 for the reproduction of the illustrations, so that these have been printed 

 much over their natural size. 



Art. XXII.— The Raised Beaches <>j Caps Turakirae. 

 By B. C. Aston, F.I.C., F.C.S. 



[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 4th October, 1911.] 



Plates XIII, XIV. 



Cape Turakirae is the north-western point facing Cape Palliser. the two 

 capes enclosing that noble stretch of water known as Palliser Bay. The 

 remarkable geological and botanical features of Turakirae hitherto appear 

 to have escaped the attention they merit, and it is with the hope of 

 remedying this neglect that this paper is written. 



The Orongorongo River, near the mouth of which is situated Mr. Riddi- 

 ford's homestead, cuts through a series of raised beaches, now more or less 

 obscured by drifting sand or overgrown by herbage. They are, moreover, 

 composed of finer material — mostly coarse sand — than those same beaches 

 a mile nearer the cape. Their finer nature is accounted for by the fact that 

 the rivers would bring down quantities of fine debris, which would be 

 thrown up by the sea. Three beaches are here to be distinguished, and, 

 as their altitude is the same, they are undoubtedly of the same age as those 

 three hereafter described as being nearer the sea. The beach presumably 

 elevated at the time of the 1855 earthquake is here very well developed. 

 The influence of the fineness of beach-particles on the flora will be presently 

 noticed. It is not until one has crossed the river, and proceeded a mile 

 or so towards Palliser Bay, that the eye of the observer is arrested by the 

 extraordinary physiographical aspect of the country lying between the 

 track at the base of the steep hillside and the sea. The track follows a 

 course close to the foot of the hills, about 100 ft. above sea-level, and 

 between this and the sea is a stretch of rocky country varying from 250 to 

 400 yards in width, and extending some two or three miles, narrowing to 

 nothing ou the further side of the cape. This rocky plain consists mostly 



