For Additional 

 Information 



Local Oil Spill. G.R. Hampson and 

 H.L. Sanders. Oceanus, Vol. 25, 

 pp. 8-11 (1969). 



Description of the immediate effects 

 of the West Falmouth spill. 

 An Ocean of Oil. M. Blumer, H.L. 

 Sanders, J.R. Grassle, and G.R. 

 Hampson. Environment, Vol. 13, 

 No. 2, pp. 2-12(1971). 

 An informative, easily understood 

 presentation of the short-term im- 

 pacts of the West Falmouth spill. 

 A Reporter at Large — A Small 

 Spill. W. Wertenbaker. The New 

 Yorker, Nov. 26, 1973. 

 A personal look at the West 

 Falmouth spill. 



The West Falmouth Saga. H.L. 

 Sanders. New Engineer, pp. 32-36 

 (1974). 



The rebuttal of a respected scientist 

 to misinterpretation of his own 

 research. 



Aftermath of an Oil Spill: A Black 

 Seven years. Science, Vol. 112, 

 No. 6, p. 84 (1977). 

 A one page summary of a seven-year 

 study on the effects of the West 

 Falmouth spill as felt by the fiddler 

 crab. 



Effects of Oil on Marine Eco- 

 systems: A Review for Adminis- 

 trators and Policy Makers. D.R. 

 Evans and S.D. Rice. Fishery 

 Bulletin: Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 625-638 

 (1974). 



An easily understood review of 

 ecological effects of oil spills. 

 Oil Spills: Issues and Actions. T.L. 

 Leitzell. Marine Technology Society 

 Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 26-29 

 (1977). 



A review of technical and legal 

 aspects of oil spills. 

 The Disaster That Didn't. D. 

 Dedera. EXXON USA, Vol. XVI, No. 

 3, pp. 11-15(1977). 

 The oil industry looks at oil spills. 



Being Prepared for Future Argo 

 Merchants. J.H. Milgram. 

 Technology Review, Vol. 79, No. 8, 

 pp. 14-27 (1977). 

 A popular analysis of the Argo 

 Merchant incident. 



Technical 

 References 



National Oil and Hazardous 

 Substances Pollution Contingency 

 Plan. Federal Register, Vol. 40, No. 

 28, pp. 6281-6302(1975). 

 A discussion of federal response to 

 oil spills, including agency respon- 

 sibilities and contingency operations. 



Oil Spills — EPA Research Sum- 

 mary. Mark Schaefer, ed. EPA-600/ 

 8-79-007. February 1979. 

 A description of EPA research pro- 

 grams dealing with oil spills. 



Photo Credits: 



Cover Carl T. Herrman/MITRE Corporation 



2 Benjamin S. Harrison, Buzzards Bay, MA 



3 Carl T. Herrman/MITRE Corporation 



4 EPA Documerica 



7 William Lang, US EPA Environmental 

 Research Lab, Narragansett, Rl 



8 Courtesy Falmouth Enterprise 



10 William Lang, US EPA Environmental 



Research Lab, Narragansett, Rl 

 12 Carl T. Herrman/MITRE Corporation 

 15 (top) G.R. Hampson, Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institute 



15 (bottom) William Lang, US EPA 

 Environmental Research Lab, 

 Narragansett, Rl 



16 US EPA National Marine Water Quality 

 Lab, Narragansett, Rl 



17 Paul Dix, US EPA Environmental 

 Research Lab, Narragansett, Rl 



18 William Lang, US EPA Environmental 

 Research Lab, Narragansett, Rl 



22 (top left, Planktoniella sol [diatom]) 



Dr. Paul Margraves, Graduate School of 



Oceanography University of Rhode 



Island 

 22 (top right, Scaleworm) Dr. John Sleburth, 



Graduate School of Oceanography, 



University of Rhode Island 

 22 (middle. Crab) William Lang, US EPA 



Environmental Research Lab, 



Narragansett, Rl 

 22 (bottom, Horseshoe Crab) Carl T 



Herrman/MITRE Corporation 



24 EPA Documerica 



25 NOAA 



26 (top) US EPA Environmental Research 

 Lab, Narragansett, Rl 



26 (middle) UPI 



26 (bottom) NOAA 



27 EPA Documerica 



28 EPA Documerica 



Blumer, M. and J. Sass. 1972. Oil Pollution Per- 

 sistence and Degradation of Spilled Fuel Oil. 

 Science 176: 1120-1122. 

 Farrington, J.W. 1977. Oil Pollution in the 

 Coastal Environment. In Estuarine Pollution 

 Control and Assessment: 385-400. EPA 

 440/1-77-007. 



Gilfillan, E.S. 1975. "Decrease of Net Carbon 

 Flux in Two Species of Mussels Caused by Ex- 

 tracts of Crude Oil." Marine Biology 29: 53-58. 

 Grassle, J.R. 1972. "Species Diversity, Genetic 

 Variability and Environmental Uncertainty." In 

 Fifth European Marine Biological Symposium: 

 19-26. 



Grassle, J.F. and J. P. Grassle. 1974. "Oppor- 

 tunistic Life Histories and Genetic Systems in 

 Marine Benthic Polychaetes." Journal of Marine 

 Research 32 (2): 253-284. 

 Krebs, C.T. and K.A. Burns. 1977. "Long-Term 

 Effects of an Oil Spill on Populations of the 

 Salt-Marsh Crab Uca pugnax. " Science 197: 

 484-487. 



Maiero, David J., R.J. Castle, O.L. Grain. 1978. 

 Protection, Cleanup and Restoration of Salt 

 Marshes Endangered by Oil Spills — A Pro- 

 cedural Manual. EPA 600/7-78-220. 

 Michael, A.D. 1976. "The Effects of Petroleum 

 Hydrocarbons on Marine Populations and Com- 

 munities." In Proceedings from Oil Symposium 

 in Seattle, Washington: 129-137. 

 Michael, A.D., C.R. Van Raalte and L.S. 

 Brown. 1975. "Long-Term Effects of an Oil Spill 

 at West Falmouth, Massachusetts." In 

 Proceedings of a Conference on Prevention and 

 Control of Oil Pollution: 573-582. API. 

 Moore, S.F. and R.L. Dwyer. 1974. "Effects of 

 Oil on Marine Organisms: A Critical Assessment 

 of Published Data." Water Research 8: 819-827. 

 Odum, W.E. 1970. "Insidious Alteration of the 

 Estaurine Environment." Transactions of the 

 American Fisheries Society 99 (4): 836-847. 

 Sanders, H.L. IN PRESS. "Florida Oil Spill Im- 

 pact on the Buzzards Bay Benthic Fauna: West 

 Falmouth." Draft of a paper presented at Oil/ 

 Environment, 1977. Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

 Sanders, H.L., J.F. Grassle, G.R. Hampson, L. 

 Morse, and S. Garner-Price. IN PRESS. 

 "Anatomy of an Oil Spill: The West Falmouth 

 Study." Draft submitted to EPA under Grant 

 No. R801001-024. 



Straughan, D. 1972. "Factors Causing Environ- 

 mental Changes After an Oil Spill." Journal of 

 Petroleum Technology 24: 250-254. 

 Westman, W.E. 1977. "How Much Are Nature's 

 Sen/ices Worth?" Science 197: 960-964. 



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