205 



time a powerplant of 250 electrical megawatts output was considered 

 large, so the goal was equivalent to 60 new such powerplants. 178 



The authors asserted that the Common Market nations could not 

 achieve this goal without pooling their resources and obtaining help 

 from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The target 

 was admittedly ambitious ; of the six members of the Community, at 

 that time only France had any practical experience with nuclear power. 

 In summation, the authors presented an optimistic picture of the bene- 

 fits obtainable from nuclear integration. They wrote : 179 



. . . Euratom will create new opportunities. It will pool the scientific as well 

 as the industrial resources of our six countries and their varied skills. A common 

 market for nuclear equipment to be set up within a year will promote industrial 

 specialization. Further, Euratom will represent our nations as a single unit 

 vis-a-vis other states, and will be far better placed to obtain full cooperation from 

 them than our countries separately. 



The authors highlighted reasons for American support and partici- 

 pation. For example, the U.S. nuclear industry could expect benefits 

 from experience with nuclear power plants built in Europe. Their 

 report stated : 180 



... No amount of research can be a substitute for the practical knowledge to 

 be gained by large-scale industrial application of atomic power. Europe could 

 make this experience available to the United States. Our talks in Washington 

 convinced us that, on the healthy basis of a two-way traffic, a close partnership 

 as equals can be built up between the United States and Euratom and their 

 respective industries. 



What forms could this cooperation take ? The advisors had definite 

 ideas, which they expressed as follows : m 



. . . The United States would make available the necessary fissionable mate- 

 rials and the technical knowledge to set our industries going. Once Euratom is 

 established, a task force composed of some of America's most able men would be 

 at our disposal to continue studying with European experts the many technical 

 problems posed by our programme. America would provide training facilities for 

 our scientists and technicians. Joint projects, for instance to improve and adapt 

 reactors, can be envisaged between American and European industries, as well as 

 between the American and European Atomic Energy Commissions. 



U.S. Support for European Nuclear Integration 



The joint communique issued from the White House at the end of a 

 visit by the three-man Euratom Committee to the United States indi- 

 cated strong U.S. support. It said : 182 



The U.S. Government welcomes the initiative taken in the Committee's proposal 

 for a bold and imaginative application of nuclear energy. . . . The United States 

 anticipates active association in the achievement of the Committee's objective, 

 and foresees a fruitful two-way exchange of experience and technical develop- 

 ment, opening a new area for mutually beneficial action on both the governmental 

 and the industrial level and reinforcing solidarity within Europe and across the 

 Atlantic. 



But U.S. support for Euratom was not unqualified. Secretary 

 Dulles made it clear that the United States wished Euratom to con- 

 centrate exclusively on development of nuclear power and not aspire 



178 That this target was overly ambitions Is evident In the situation of 1967. In that 

 year the six Euratom nations had between them 16 nuclear power reactors with a total 

 electrical generating capacity of 2.094 megawatts. 



179 A Tarqet for Euratom, op. cit., p. 47. 

 18 ° Ibid., p. 50. 



181 Loc. cit. 



183 Department of State Bulletin, vol. 36 (February 25. 1957), p. 307. 



