IV 



directly the result of the increasing capability of nations to exploit the natural 

 resources which lie beneath the sea. (Exploiting the Resources of the Seabed.) 



Today, in many parts- of the earth, there is a food/people imbalance which 

 causes the lives of millions to he a desperate search for sustenance. . . . 

 In the helief that the food/population equation can he and should he brought 

 into balance, modern man is applying scientific knowledge and technical skills. 

 The United States, through its foreign aid programs, has been in the forefront. . . . 

 (Beyond Malthus: The Food /People Equation.) 



In the minds of many today the idea of science and technology as oppressive 

 and uncontrollable forces in society is becoming increasingly more prevalent. 

 They see in the power of science and technology the means of destruction in war- 

 fare, the source of environmental violation, and the stimulant behind man's grow- 

 ing alienation. . . . [Often overlooked], however, is the corresponding alterna- 

 tive these influences present for man's good — for his advancement, for the enrich- 

 ment of his life, and for world peace. (The Mekong Project: Opportunities and 

 Problems of Regionalism.) 



Science and technology are compelling determinants of the human condition. 

 In September 1975 the United Nations General Assembly voted to convene an 

 international conference on science and technology. The intent of this move was 

 to allow the technologically sophisticated and dynamic elements of the U.N. family 

 to focus the efforts of the 1979 General Assembly on a concerted program of 

 global advance. The agenda of this program would include economic, social, polit- 

 ical, and commercial concerns, but its backbone would be technical and mana- 

 gerial. . . . Leaders of our diplomatic, technological, and national security 

 affairs are not devoid of imagination or insensitive to the oppressive weight of 

 danger and insecurity ahead. However, if these leaders propose to meet future 

 threats with the same strength of purpose and creative initiative that have largely 

 marked the first two centuries of American independence, they must seek new 

 forms and find new applications in a world of growing interdependence. The prob- 

 lem of how to manage our relationships in such a world resolves in large part into 

 the problem of managing technological dynamism and directing it to humane ends. 

 (Science, Technology, and Diplomacy in the Age of Interdependence.) 



Our purpose was not just to describe and analyze a specialized set 

 of diplomatic problems and opportunities ; it was also, and primarily, 

 to examine America's capability for dealing with these problems and 

 opportunities and to suggest legislative options for improving that 

 capability- This aim was the particular focus of the last two studies 

 of the project : Science and Technology in the Department of State, 

 by Dr. Franklin P. Huddle, the project director, and Science, Tech- 

 nology, and Diplomacy in the Age of Interdependence, a summary 

 and analysis of the whole series co-authored by Dr. Huddle and the 

 associate project director, Mr. Warren R. Johnston. 



To repeat a further thought expressed in presenting the summary 

 report: It is my hope and expectation that these analytical contribu- 

 tions of the Congressional Research Service will prove in a practical 

 way to have yielded three separate sets of products: (1) specific legis- 

 lative options and administrative initiatives to strengthen the conduct 

 of ongoing diplomacy, with its increasingly important and inseparable 



