17 



new nations in every field — the unfettered, flexible, empirical view so essential 

 if the nations they lead are to survive and grow. 83 



On a related subject, Herman Pollack, as Director of International 

 Scientific and Technological Affairs, Department of State, has ob- 

 served that 



The realization that the vigor of a nation's economy is now largely dependent 

 upon the quality of and the use to which it puts its science and technology has 

 given rise to international comparisons of technological proficiency and in turn 

 to the problem of the "technological gap." This today is as meaningful to a diplo- 

 mat as were comparisons of the size of standing armies several generations ago. 

 The brain drain is no longer merely an interesting phenomenon. It has acquired 

 the status of a political issue and a fairly hot one, at that. 26 



President Nixon, in a formal statement on "United States Foreign 

 Policy for the 1970's," addressing himself mainly to the political 

 aspects of the subject, called attention to the importance of science 

 and technology for international relations. In military science, he 

 observed that "We are now entering an era in which the sophistica- 

 tion and destructiveness of weapons present more formidable and 

 complex issues affecting our strategic posture." In the field of arms 

 control, he warned that "Modern technology makes any balance 

 precarious and prompts new efforts at ever higher levels of com- 

 plexity." Moreover, "The spread of technological skills knows no 

 national boundaries; and innovation in weaponry is no monopoly of 

 the superpowers." And more generally, "Unprecedented scientific 

 and technological advances as well as explosions in populations, 

 communications, and knowledge require new forms of international 

 cooperations." 27 



Earlier, in his address to the United Nations General Assembly, 

 Sept. 2, 1969, the President had urged that body to come to grips 

 with several important challenges with an important scientific and 

 technological content. Said the President, in part: 



We can only guess at the new scientific discoveries that the seventies may bring. 

 But we can see with chilling clarity the gap that already exists between the 

 developed economies and the economies of the developing countries and the urgent 

 need for international cooperation in spurring economic development. 



If in the course of that Second Development Decade we can make both signifi- 

 cant gains in food production and significant reductions in the rate of population 

 growth, we shall have opened the way to a new era of splendid prosperity. If we 

 do only one without the other, we shall be standing still ; and if we fail in both, 

 great areas of the world will face human disaster. 



Increasingly, the task of protecting man's environment is a matter of inter- 

 national concern. Pollution of air and water, upsetting the balance of nature — 

 these are not only local problems, and not only national problems, but matters 

 that affect the basic relationships of man to his planet. 



25 Caryl P. Haskins. "Technology, Science, and American Foreign Policy." Foreign 

 Affairs (January 1962), p. 239. 



26 Herman Pollack. "Science, Foreign Affairs, and the State Department." Address at 

 the University of Illinois Centennial Colloquium on Science and Human Affairs, May 17, 

 1967, by Herman Pollack, then Acting Director, International Scientific and Technological 

 Affairs, Department of State. Reprinted from Department of State Bulletin, June 19, 

 1967. In "Science, Foreign Affairs, and the State Department," Reprint. Department of 

 State Publication 8204 (July 1967), p. 3. 



27 l\S. President (Richard Nixon), United States Foreign Policy for the 1970's: A New 

 Strategy for Peace. A Report by President Richard Nixon to the Congress, February 18, 

 1970. Released from Office of the White House Press Secretary, Mimeo (February 18, 

 1970), pp. 7, 106, 110-111. 



