133 



ments for a sophisticated infrastructure of supporting technical and 

 industrial products and services, a need for highly trained personnel, 

 and dependence upon the United States for nuclear fuel supplies. The 

 combination of these factors has made nuclear power less attractive 

 to developing countries than had been hoped for by early proponents 

 of nuclear power. Thus the commercial use of nuclear power is con- 

 centrated largely in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, and 

 the Soviet Union. During the period covered by this study, Europe 

 has been a principal theater of interaction between American diplo- 

 macy and nuclear technology — both civil and military. For this reason, 

 and for the sake of manageability, this examination is limited to 

 commercial or civil use of nuclear power in Western Europe. 



This analysis is not intended to be a definitive account of the domes- 

 tic nuclear power program of the United States, nor of the nuclear 

 programs of the several international organizations that were created 

 to further the peaceful use of this new technology. Rather it is intended 

 to illustrate typical interactions between a rapidly evolving, science- 

 based technology and diplomacy, and to suggest some issues for Amer- 

 ican diplomacy that may be anticipated as the evolution of nuclear 

 power continues. 



Sources of Information 



The principal sources of information used in this study include the 

 hearings of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, the annual reports 

 of the Atomic Energy Commission, and hearings before the foreign 

 relations committees of the House and the Senate. Additionally it 

 draws upon publications of the U.S. nuclear industry, notably Nuclear 

 Industry, which is the monthly magazine of the Atomic Industrial 

 Forum, and Nucleonics Week, a commercial weekly newsletter; also 

 used were Nuclear Science and Engineering, which is a commercial 

 British journal, and the monthly bulletins of the International Atomic 

 Energy Agency and Euratom. Several books on nuclear energy which 

 have been useful for this analysis include those of Nieburg, Polach, 

 Kramish,. Scheinman, and Willrich. 3 The report does not attempt an 

 exhaustive examination of all of the literature, but rather seeks to 

 select materials that illustrate interaction of U.S. foreign policy and 

 domestic policy with commercial nuclear power in Europe. 



■ 



3 Harold L. Nieburg, Nuclear Secrecy and Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C. : Public 

 Affairs Press, 1964), 255 pp. 



Jaroslave G. Polach, Euratom: Its Background, Issues and Economic Implications 

 (Dobbs Ferry, New York : Oceana Publications. Inc., 1964), 232 pp. 



Arnold Kramish, The Peaceful Atom in Foreign Policy (New York: Harper & Row. 

 Publishers. 1963). 276 pp. 



Lawrence Scheinman, Atomic Energy Policy in France Under the Fourth Republic 

 (Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press. 1965), 259 pp. 



Mason Willrich, ed.. Civil Xuclear Power and International Security (New York: 

 Praeger Publishers. 1971). 124 pp. 



Non-Proliferation Treaty: Framework for Nuclear Arms Control (Charlottesville, 



Va. : The Mlchie Company, 1969), 341 pp. 



