181 



In his summation of these advantages Secretary Dulles described 

 the potential of the proposed Agency : 



. . . for economic development of large areas of the world ; for cooperation with 

 other nations, including the Soviet Union, in ways which will reduce interna- 

 tional tension and promote the practice of peaceful and constructive collabora- 

 tion ; for encouraging peaceful use of the atom and averting the spread of nu- 

 clear military potential to additional countries ; and for giving the nations ex- 

 perience with a system of international safeguards which could build confidence 

 and further the prospects of disarmament. 102 



LIMITATIONS UPON" THE U.S. COMMITMENT 



Assurances were also offered that U.S. commitment of support was 

 small. Secretary Dulles emphasized that the Agency would not be a 

 "giveaway organization" for U.S. nuclear fuel materials. Countries 

 receiving materials from the Agency would have to pay for them. 

 Moreover, there was no U.S. commitment in the Statute to supply 

 nuclear materials. The supply of materials, services, or equipment was 

 a voluntary matter, and the Agency had no authority to require a 

 member to supply anything. Also, the United States would pay no 

 more than its share of the administrative expenses of the Agency. 

 Neither would the IAEA become a giveaway organization for U.S. 

 atomic secrets. It would distribute only that information on nuclear 

 energy which was free of security restrictions. Finally, any nuclear 

 fuel materials distributed would be unsuitable for weapons. 



As a gesture of U.S. support for the International Statute, Chairman 

 Strauss at the closing session of the United Nations conference on the 

 final draft Statute delivered a message from President Eisenhower 

 announcing that the United States would make available (but not 

 give) to the International Agency 5,000 kilograms of uranium-235, 

 an amount sufficient to fuel three to five nuclear power plants for their 

 working lifetime. Furthermore, the United States offered to match 

 additional allocations of nuclear materials to the Agency by all other 

 member nations. 103 



The offers received close congressional scrutiny to make sure they 

 did not constitute a subsidy to commercial nuclear power in Europe. 

 Senator Hickenlooper questioned Secretary Dulles pointedly, inquir- 

 ing where the recipient countries would get the money to pay for 

 this fuel material. Mr. Dulles speculated that recipients might find 

 the money in the foreign exchange they would otherwise have to 

 spend to import fuel. In any event, there was nothing in the Inter- 

 national Statute which directly or indirectly committed the United 

 States to finance the costs of the uranium. The recipient countries 

 would have to pay. 104 Chairman Strauss was even more emphatic : 105 



The United States has not offered to make a gift of those materials to the 

 Agency. The President's statement explicitly speaks of "terms" to be agreed 

 upon. Articles 9, II, and 13 of the Agency statute likewise provide specifically 

 for reimbursement. In any event, the advice and authorization of Congress would, 

 of course, be sought before any gift were made to the Agency, or to any nation or 

 group of nations, should such a gift appear advisable at some future date. 



182 Ibid., p. 6. 



103 U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Radiation Safety and Major Activities in the Atomic 

 Energy Programs, July-December 1956, op. cit., p. 12. 



104 U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations and Senate Members of the 

 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Hearings, Statute of the International Atomic Energy 

 Agency, op. cit.. ». 49. 



Agency, op. cit.. p. 49. 

 105 Ibid., p. 92. 



