209 



with other countries by creation of conditions for the speedy estab- 

 lisliment and growth of nuclear industries. 191 



Article 2 of the Treaty of Rome specifies eight functions of Euratom. 

 These are to : 



(1) Develop research and ensure dissemination of technical 

 knowledge. 



(2) Establish, and ensure the application of uniform safety 

 standards. 



(3) Facilitate investment and ensure, particularly by encourag- 

 ing business enterprise, and the construction of the basic facilities 

 required for the developing of nuclear energy within the Com- 

 munity. 



(4) Ensure a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear 

 fuels to all users in the Community. 



(5) Guarantee, by appropriate measures of control, that nuclear 

 materials are not diverted for purposes other than those for which 

 they are intended. 



(6) Exercise the property rights conferred upon it in respect 

 to special fissionable materials. 



(7) Ensure extensive markets and access to the best technical 

 means by the creation of a common market for specialized mate- 

 rials and equipment, by the free movement of capital for nuclear 

 investment, and by freedom of employment for specialists within 

 the Community. 



(8) Establish with other countries and with international orga- 

 nizations any contacts likely to promote progress in the peaceful 

 uses of nuclear energy. 



As finally approved, Euratom's functions did not include control of 

 military uses of nuclear energy, thus yielding to the wishes of the 

 French. 



The initial members of Euratom were Belgium, France, the Federal 

 German Republic, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Later 

 the United Kingdom applied for entry but was excluded by the posi- 

 tion in 1963 of General de Gaulle. Now that the United Kingdom is 

 to become a member of the Common Market, presumably membership 

 in Euratom will soon follow. 



Establishing the Infrastructure for European Nuclear Power 



Much of Euratom's functions had to do with establishing the in- 

 dustrial and regulatory infrastructure for commercial use of nuclear 

 energy in Europe. Its research and development programs supple- 

 mented those of France, Italy, and West Germany. It created a nuclear 

 common market within the European Economic Community. It helped 

 lay the regulatory groundwork of standards to regulate the radiologi- 

 cal effects of nuclear power plants. However, its functions stopped 

 short of financing the construction of operating nuclear power plants. 



wi j n comparison with the other two European communities, Euratom has the most 

 limited aim. The European Economic Community has the widest, its objective being to 

 promote harmonious development of economic activities, a continuous and balanced 

 expansion, increased stability, accelerated raising of the living standards, and closer rela- 

 tions among the member states. Compared with that, the aims of the Coal and Steel 

 Community are more restrietively associated with its contribution to economic expansion, 

 development of employment and raising of living standards. 



