CONTENTS 



Page 



I. Ocean Space 439 



An Overview of the Geography of the Seabed 439 



Scope and Limitations of the Study 439 



II. Geography and Legal Concepts of the Continental Shelf 440 



Continental Shelf of the United States 441 



Continental Shelf of the Soviet Union 443 



Differing Doctrines of the "Legal Shelf" 444 



The Truman Proclamation 445 



The Submerged Lands Act of 1953 447 



The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 448 



Geneva Conventions of 1958 450 



Deficiencies of the Geneva Conventions 451 



III. Seabed Resources 453 



Deposits on the Seabed Surface: 



Building Materials 453 



Heavy Minerals 454 



Phosphorite 454 



Manganese Nodules 456 



Red Sea Geothermal Deposits 457 



Other Surface Deposits 458 



Deposits Below the Seabed Surface 458 



Petroleum 459 



Other Subsurface Deposits 462 



Resources of the Oceans 463 



Food From the Sea 463 



Fish Protein Concentrate 464 



Aquaculture 464 



Drugs From the Sea 464 



Sea Water and Its Minerals 465 



IV. Technology and Economics 466 



Harvesting Hard Minerals From the Seabed 466 



Phosphorite 468 



Manganese Nodules 471 



Commercial Recovery of Offshore Petroleum 472 



Exploration 472 



Drilling 473 



Production 474 



Future Trends 475 



Supply and Demand 478 



V. Policy for Seabed Resources 481 



Policy for Submarine Mining 481 



Policy for Offshore Petroleum 482 



General Policy for Seabed Resources 484 



VI. International Concern 484 



Organizations for Marine Activities 485 



Non- Governmental Organizations 486 



Intergovernmental Organizations 486 



VII. U.N. Activities Concerning Seabed Resources 488 



Emergence of the Malta Proposal 489 



Organization of the U.N. Seabed Committee 491 



Legal Subcommittee 493 



Economic and Technical Subcommittee 493 



International Machinery 494 



(437) 



