160 



Additionally, the 1954 revision defined limits and procedures for 

 technical cooperation with other nations and provided for certain 

 forms of cooperation to be conducted under executive agreements, or 

 "Agreements for Cooperation," commonly known as '"bilateral agree- 

 ments." Under the revised act, the United States could encourage 

 foreign use of atomic energy and nuclear power through various in- 

 centives, which included : 



1. Supplying nuclear fuel materials for research and power 

 reactors ; 



2. Providing assistance in the design and construction of these 

 reactors ; 



3. Exchange of certain scientific and technical information after 

 mutually agreeable controls for sensitive materials and secret in- 

 formation had been agreed upon. 



The. Congress specified detailed conditions and limitations on nego- 

 tiation of the agreements. Section 123 of the Act states that no co- 

 operation with any national or regional defense organization shall be 

 undertaken until : 



a. the Commission, has submitted to the President the proposed agreement for 

 cooperation, together with its recommendation thereon, which proposed agree- 

 ment shall include (1) the terms, conditions, durations, nature, and scope of 

 the cooperation: (2) a guaranty by the cooperating party that security safe- 

 guards and standards as set forth in the agreement for cooperation will be main- 

 tained ; (3) a guaranty by the cooperating party that any material to be trans- 

 ferred pursuant to such agreement will not be used for atomic weapons, or for 

 research on or development, of atomic weapons, or for any other military pur- 

 poses: and (4) a guaranty by the cooperating party that any material or any 

 Restricted Data to lie transferred pursuant to the agreement for cooperation 

 will not be transferred to an unauthorized person or beyond the jurisdiction 

 of the cooperating party, except as specified in the agreement for cooperation: 



b. The President has approved and authorized the execution of the proposed 

 agreement for cooperation, and has made a determination in writing that the 

 performance of the proposed agreement will promote and will not constitute an 

 unreasonable risk to the common defense and security : and 



c. The proposed agreement for cooj>eration. together with the approval and 

 the determination of the President, has been submitted to the Joint Committee 

 and a period of thirty days has elapsed while Congress is in session (in com- 

 puting such thirty days, there shall he excluded the days on which either House 

 is not in session because of an adjournment of more than .". days) . 



The. Act further specified that the communication of Restricted 

 Data. 00 the export of facilities to produce of use nuclear fuel materials, 

 and the distribution of nuclear fuel materials to another country could 

 occur only pursuant to an Agreement for Cooperation. U.S. citizens 

 and companies were prohibited from directly ot- indirectly engaging 

 in the production of any nuclear fuel materials outside of the United 

 States, except under an Agreement for Cooperation or an AEC au- 

 thorization. Tn this way. the Act out control of cooperation between 

 the domestic nuclear industry and private industries of other coun- 

 tries firmly into the hands of ( he A EC. 



AEC Organization: the Division of International Programs 



In response lo the new positive outlook for international technologi- 

 cal collaboration authorized by the Atomic Enersrv Act of 1054, the 

 AEC established a Division of [international Affairs in November 



••Tlif term "Restricted Data" Is defined to menu "nil dnta concerning (1) design, mnnu- 

 f.-K-ii"-,. ,,r utilization of ntomle weapons : ('Ji the production of special nuclear material 

 or i •"■ i the use of special nuclear material In the production of energy, bul shall not include 

 data declassified or removed from 1 1 n- Restrict**'! Data category. . . ." 



