128 



X. U.S. Fuel for European Nuclear Power — Continued Page 



U.S. Supply Policy 248 



Advantages to the United States 248 



Disadvantages to the United States 249 



Evolution of U.S. Supply Policy 249 



Special Conditions for Euratom 250 



Toll Enrichment 251 



Financing Nuclear Fuel Inventories 252 



The Deferred Payment Plan 252 



Pricing Uranium Enrichment Service 253 



European Opposition to U.S. Enrichment Monopoly 253 



The U.S.S.R. as an Alternative Source of Supply 254 



Supply Policy Alternatives 255 



Maintaining the Competitive Position of the United States in 



the World Enrichment Market 255 



Enrichment Requirements 256 



The Prospects for Expanding U.S. Enrichment Capacity. _ 257 



Sharing the U.S. Monopoly 258 



Some Views of the Joint Committee 261 



The Gas Centrifuge: A Technical Perturbation for U.S. Policy?. 261 



The Centrifuge and Proliferation 262 



Breaking the Secrecy Barrier 263 



The French Drive for a European Diffusion Plant 263 



Conclusions and Current Issues 264 



XI. The Nonproliferation Treat y and Safeguards 266 



New Urgency for Safeguards 266 



The Four Functions of the Nonproliferation Treaty 267 



U.S. Ratification and Support of the Treaty.. 268 



U.S. Support for Safeguards 269 



Safeguards Provisions of the Treaty 270 



Elements of the IAEA Safeguards System 271 



Negotiation of IAEA Safeguards Agreements: The IAEA 



Safeguards Committee 272 



Some Facets of the Negotiations 272 



Protection of Commercial Interests 273 



Inspections and Their Scheduling 273 



"Strategic Points" 274 



Enforcement of Safeguards 274 



U.S. Support of the Safeguards Committee 275 



The Soviet View 275 



Criticisms of IAEA Safeguards 275 



Some Congressional Doubts 276 



Costs of Safeguards 277 



Financing Safeguards Under the Treaty 278 



A Joint Committee Reservation 279 



Physical Security of Nuclear Materials 279 



Nonproliferation and Euratom 280 



Euratom Concern 281 



A Recent Development 282 



Conclusions and Current Issues 282 



XII. Some Issues Recapitulated 285 



Nuclear Power for U.S. Foreign Policy 286 



Sustaining U.S. Technological Leadership in the 1970s 286 



Reducing European Dependence Upon Imported Energy. 286 



Controlling the Possibilities for Proliferation 287 



Demonstrating the Practicability of Inspection for Arms 



Control 287 



Improving the U.S. Position in World Trade 287 



A Potential Limitation Upon Nuclear Power for Foreign 



Policy 288 



