30 



in the problem ? Has the scientific-technological community been en- 

 listed in the development of a program? What does the literature of 

 this community say about the way the program has been developed, 

 and about its outcome ? 



(g) What interactions have occurred between the United States and 

 multinational bodies, or foreign countries, in respect to the issue? 

 What is the documentation of international conversations? What sort 

 of joint action has been found feasible? What degree of understanding 

 as to methods and expected results ? 



If.. Enumeration of the Issues 



Six issues were chosen for study. They are as follows : 



(1) Evolution of international technology. — A review of the emer- 

 gence of technology as a factor of change in international relations. 

 Under this heading are considered such factors as : The growing aware- 

 ness of the relevance of technology for diplomacy ; the practical separa- 

 tion of technology from science ; the relations between the international 

 exchange of technology and governmental and economic forms of 

 social organization; problems of technological transfer (from whom, 

 what, to whom, and how) ; U.S. organizations and programs to exploit 

 technology for advancement of foreign policy goals; recruitment and 

 training; successes; prospects. 



(2) World medicine. — Long-range consequences of worldwide appli- 

 cation of medical sciences. Considered under this heading are such 

 factors as: An overview of medical advances of the past and their 

 impact on the world society, cultural and medical standards, perspec- 

 tives on the present state of medical knowledge, the dilemmas of 

 world medicine and national policy, national and international medical 

 organizations and programs, problems and prospects for the future. 



(3) Food and population. — A study of the changing food/popula- 

 tion balance in developing countries. Under this heading will be con- 

 sidered such factors as : A review of historical evolution of formulation, 

 coordination, and administration of U.S. foreign assistance policies to 

 provide for adequate food resource development and management, 

 public-health services, stabilization of the population growth rate, 

 direct transfer of American technological expertise, U.S. policies in 

 support of the development of indigenous E. & D. capabilities to ad- 

 dress questions of the food/population balance, and obstacles (cultural, 

 social, political, economic, technical) to successful design and imple- 

 mentation of U.S. programs. 



(4) Programs for sending U.8. scientists and technical personnel 

 abroad. — A study of the purposes, scope, accomplishments, problems, 

 and needs of the various Federal programs that sponsor the movement 

 of nongovernment scientists and technologists.overseas to teach and to 

 study. 



(5) The "brain drain''' problem-. — Occurrence, consequences, and 

 issues of one-way flows of scientific manpower (including in this con- 

 text the entire array of basic and applied sciences and associated 

 technologies). Under this heading are considered: The development 

 of trained scientists at home and abroad, factors attracting scientists 

 to new areas, consequences of outflows and inflows of scientists, prob- 

 lems of retention and use of scientists, and administration of the forces 

 that influence scientist migrations. 



