296 



Page 



V. The Political Impacts 331 



General Impacts on the United States 331 



Specific Impacts on the United States 332 



Federal Support of Basic Science 334 



The Space Program 336 



Federal Science Advisory Structure 337 



Science Education in America 338 



Public Attitudes Toward Science 339 



Communications Satellites 340 



Effect on National Defense 341 



Effect on Foreign Policy 341 



International Impacts 341 



The Effect on International Science 342 



Science in Foreign Affairs 343 



International Cooperation and Good Will 345 



VI. Analysis and Discussion 347 



Scientists as Eternal Optimists 347 



Scientific Vis-a-Vis Political Good Will 348 



International Diplomacy and the IGY 351 



The Antarctic Treaty 351 



The Test Ban Treaty 353 



The Space Treaty 355 



Concluding Remarks 357 



Appendix 1. List of Abbreviations 359 



Appendix 2. A Brief Chronology of the IGY 360 



TABLES 



1. Plenary Meetings of the CSAGI 304 



2. Congressional Appropriations for the IGY 311 



3. Congressional Appropriations for the IGY by Individual Scientific Area. 



4. Scientific Areas Represented During the IGY 314 



5. Budget Obligations of the National Science Foundation, 1951-72 335 



6. Comparison of the Provisions of the Antarctic and Space Treaties 357 



FIGURES 



1. Evolution of the Concept of the IGY 303 



2. International Organization of Science 306 



3. The IGY Constitution and Associations of the ICSU Special IGY 



Committee, CSAGI 308 



4. Schematic Flowchart for International Funding of the IGY 310 



5. International Coordination of the IGY 317 



6. The IGY Calendar of Special Events 319 



