148 



TIk Court of Just i,-e: A supreme court of seven judges sits in 

 Luxembourg with power to decide whether acts of the communities, 

 member governments, and private organizations are compatible with 



the treaties. The Court can annul acts of the Commission and the 

 ( Jouncil of Ministers. Its decisions are directly binding upon all parties 

 and are not subject to appeal. The seven justices are appointed for 

 terms of six years by the member governments. Through 1968 some 

 56< i cases had been brought before the Court. 



Financing the communities: The communities are financed by na- 

 tional contributions, much as was the federal government of the United 

 States during the era of the Continental Congress. From Janu. ry 1, 

 1975. the communities are scheduled to have their own independent 

 financial resources derived from : (1) variable levies on farm imports: 

 (2) customs duties: and (3) proceeds of up to 1 percent of a value 

 added tax. 



The general budget of the communities in 1969 came to about $2.7 

 million and was financed by the member governments in the following 

 proportions: France, West Germany and Italy, 28 percent each: Bel- 

 gium and the Netherlands, 7.1) percent each: and Luxembourg 0.2 

 percent. 



The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Dt velojmu nt 



Interest in European cooperation extended beyond the communities 

 of the six nat ions and led to establishment of a European multinational 

 organization that quickly developed a parallel interest in nuclear 

 energy. On December 14. 1960, the Organisation for European Eco- 

 nomic Co-operation, which had been set up in 1948 to coordinate efforts 

 to restore Europe's economy under the Marshall plan, was reorganized 

 into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 

 (OECD). England, which was not a member of the Common Market, 

 was a member of OECD. One fundamental purpose of OECD was 

 "to achieve the highest sustainable growth and employment and a 

 rising standard of living in member countries, while maintaining 

 financial stability and thus to contribute to the development of the 

 world economy." This objective was to be accomplished in part by 

 efforts to reduce or abolish obstacles in exchange of goods and services 

 and by the maintenance and liberalization of capital movement between 

 countries. A new major goal was coordination of economic aid to less 

 developed count ries. 



The OECD in the mid-1950's became interested in nuclear energy 

 and established a Nuclear Energy A.gency. OECD interests extend to 

 peaceful uses of nuclear energy, science policy research cooperation, 

 scientific and technical personnel, indust rial matters, and energy prob- 

 lems. The OECD is headed by a council composed of representatives 

 of t he member count lies. 



/ .S.Attitudt Toward European Unity 



Every I'.S. administration of the postwar period has supported 

 European unity and has looked to the institutions of the European 

 communities as the most promising way of achieving that unitv. An 

 early example of the I'.S. attitude appears in President Truman's 

 pledge in L948 that the consolidated effort of the free countries of 

 Europe to protect themselves would be matched by the I'.S. determi- 

 nation to help them do so. Support by Congress for European unity 



