229 



. . . One motivation which has therefore led to the creation of this new Com- 

 munity is the growing sense of urgency on the part of Europeans that their 

 destiny requires unity and that the road toward this unity is to be found in the 

 development of major common programs such as Euratom makes possible. . . . 



As for other benefits, he said : 



. . . Another important motivation is the present and growing requirements of 

 Europe for a new source of energy in -the face of rapidly increasing requirements 

 and limited possibilities of increasing the indigenous supply of conventional 

 fuels. The Europeans see atomic energy not merely as an alternative source of 

 energy but as something which they must develop quickly if they are to continue 

 their economic growth and exercise their rightful influence in world affairs. 



To initiate arrangements for the joint programs with Euratom, 

 President Eisenhower transmitted to Congress three documents which 

 required congressional assent. These were: (1) an agreement for co- 

 operation which recognized Euratom as a body with which the U.S. 

 Government could negotiate ; (2) a draft of legislation to authorize the 

 AEC participation in the joint programs and to authorize appropria- 

 tions; and (3) a draft of a bilateral agreement between the AEC and 

 Euratom.* 30 



THE UNITED STATES-EURATOM AGREEMENT OF 1958 



The Agreement for Cooperation between Euratom and the United 

 States was signed in Brussels on November 8, 1958. Congress had pre- 

 viously approved the agreement on August 20, 1958. The Agreement 

 proved to be important to Euratom. Looking back with the benefit of 

 5 years hindsight. Federico Consolo, an advisor to the Euratom 

 Commission, wrote of the political importance of the agreement : 3Sl 



... In addition to its intrinsic value from the scientific technical, industrial 

 and financial standpoint, the Agreement was of considerable political importance, 

 since, from the very outset Euratom was able to benefit by the assistance of the 

 world's major nuclear power. 



Pierre Kruys, of Euratom, saw this Agreement as : ^ 



... A proof of U.S. support for the Community organizations as the corner- 

 stone of the new united Europe. [The Agreement] also paved the way for the 

 establishment of the first contacts of the technical departments of the Euratom 

 Commission with nuclear centers and industrial concerns in the Community 

 countries, as well as for the achievement of a certain number of concrete aims. 



The Agreement provided for two well-defined, closely related joint 

 programs between the United States and Euratom : 



(1) Construction of power reactors of a proven American 

 type, for a total of 1,000 megawatts electrical capacity, to go into 

 operation before the end of 1963, except for two plants sched- 

 uled for operation before the end of 1965 ; and 



(2) Research and development on the types of reactors ac- 

 cepted under the power reactor program. The budget for the 

 joint research program was specified at $50 million for each 

 partner for the first five years, with the funds to be spent at home. 



^The text of these documents appears In U.S., Congress, Joint Committee on Atomic 

 Energy, Hearings, Proposed Euratom Agreements, op. cit., pp. 11-18. 



431 Federico Consolo, "The US/Euratom Agreement for Co-operation," Euratom, No. 1. 

 (1963), p. 2. 



232 Pierre Kruys, "The Joint US/Euratom Research and Development Programme, Eura- 

 tom, So. 1 (1963), p. 8. 



