486 



activities at the international level. 75 The principal non-governmental 

 organizations were contained within the framework of the Interna- 

 tional Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). The intergovernmental 

 organizations were for the most part within the United Nations sys- 

 tem, although some tended to maintain considerable independence. A 

 third category included bodies to coordinate the work of international 

 organizations within each of the two groups. 



Non-Governmental Organizations 



The non-governmental organizations engaged in marine activities 

 can be grouped into two groups, the largest of which is the Inter- 

 national Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) ; the others are more 

 or less informal bodies such as associations of regional extent. 



ICSU consists of a number of unions classified according to scien- 

 tific disciplines, and of several special and scientific committees con- 

 cerned with interdisciplinary problems. The unions having major in- 

 terests in marine sciences are : 



1. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 



2. International Union of Biological Sciences (TUBS) 



3. International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) 

 ICSU committees concerned witli marine sciences are : 



1. Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) 



2. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 



3. Special Committee for the International Biological Pro- 



gram (SCIBP) 



4. Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services 



(FAGS) 



5. Comite international de geophysique (CIG) 



The other non-governmental international organizations are : 



1. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natu- 



ral Resources (IUCN) 



2. Nordic Council for Marine Biology 



3. Congress of Baltic Oceanographers 



4. Pacific Science Association (PSA) 



5. Mediterranean Association for Marine Biologv and Ocean - 



ology (MAMBO) 



In tergovernmental Organizations 



Organizations that promote and coordinate marine-related activities 

 on the intergovernmental level are primarily within the United Nations 

 system. As with the non-go vernment a 1 bodies, the non-United Nations 

 intergovernmental bodies are confined mainly to specific regions, and 

 are generally concerned with fisheries and living resources. 



The United Nations system and its specialized bodies have always 

 conducted activities in marine affairs, particularly in the scientific and 

 exploratory aspects of oceanography, and in the fisheries and living 

 resources of the oceans. Most of these activities are interrelated, and 

 the U.N. bodies concerned with international programs also receive 

 advice from non-governmental organizations, particularly ICSU. 

 At the present time, the issue of the seabed is the concern of the Com- 

 mitter on the Seabed, reporting directly to the General Assembly 

 (Fig. 6). 



"United Nations Economic and Social Council. "Marine Science and Technology: 

 Survey and Proposals." (United Nations, New York, April 24, 1968), pages 50-59 and 

 Annex X (UNESC, E/4487). 



