528 



Page 

 VI. Issues in the Interplay of Technology, Trade, and Diplomacy — Con. 



Concluding Observations 601 



Political Gains Likely to Outweigh Economic Benefits to 



United States 001 



Relative Increase in U.S.-Soviet Trade May Be Impressive 



by 1980 602 



Future U.S.-Soviet Economic Ties Dependent on Continued 



Relaxation of Institutional and Legal Barriers 602 



New Soviet Emphasis on Technological Change and Mate- 

 rial Incentives Stimulates Trade Prospects 603 



Defense and Control Versus Economic Growth and Profes- 

 sional Performance Are Soviet Choices 603 



Cost to Soviets of Supplying Raw Materials to Eastern 



Europe Is High and Rising 603 



State Trading Poses Problems for a Country With a Market 



Economy Such as the United States 604 



Improvements Are Needed in U.S. Procedures and Institu- 

 tions for Administration and Negotiation 605 



The Current Opportunity for Improved Soviet-U.S. Rela- 

 tions Is Crucial 606 



Risks and Uncertainties of the New Relationship Can Be 



Reduced But Not Eliminated 606 



TABLES 



1. Soviet Energy Production, 1970 and 1975 546 



2. Consumption of Selected Foods in the Soviet Union 547 



3. Transportation in the Ninth Five- Year Plan 549 



4. Soviet Trade With Selected Western Countries and Japan 560 



5. Selected Soviet Commodities Traded With the Developed West 562 



6. U.S. Imports From U.S.S.R 563 



7. Estimates of Soviet Gold Output and Dispositions 565 



8. Total Projected United States Exports to Eastern Europe and the 



Soviet Union 568 



9. Soviet Exports and Imports of Grain 571 



FIGURES 



1. The Levels of Technological Development: The U.S.S.R. Compared 



With Other Developed Countries 544 



2. Primary Energy Consumption, United States and U.S.S.R 545 



3. Proposed Joint Ventures in Natural Gas 598 



